擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰土(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，環保擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，水泥土(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，素(su)土(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，夯擴擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，沉管擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，強夯地基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，碎石擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)螺紋樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，鉆孔(kong)灌注樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，軟土(tu)地基(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰土(tu)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我公司主營：擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程

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成孔偏斜

成孔(kong)偏斜是(shi)指成孔(kong)壁樁孔(kong)出現較(jiao)大垂(chui)直偏差或彎曲。

其造成原因和(he)處(chu)理方法(fa)主要有：

 施工現場地(di)面軟弱或軟硬不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)，在(zai)支(zhi)架上鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔時(shi)，支(zhi)架的(de)(de)承載力(li)不(bu)足，發(fa)生(sheng)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)沉降，導致鉆(zhan)(zhan)桿不(bu)垂(chui)直，造成成孔偏斜。為避免事故(gu)發(fa)生(sheng)，場地(di)必須夯(hang)實平(ping)整，軌道及枕木宜均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)著地(di)，支(zhi)架的(de)(de)承載力(li)應滿足要求，在(zai)發(fa)生(sheng)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)沉降時(shi)，必須隨時(shi)調整。 850G工程(cheng)資料

未(wei)做好鉆(zhan)機(ji)安裝(zhuang)工(gong)作，是造成(cheng)成(cheng)孔偏斜的(de)隱(yin)患。因此(ci)要求(qiu)安裝(zhuang)地基穩固。鉆(zhan)機(ji)就位(wei)時，應使(shi)(shi)轉盤，底(di)座水平，使(shi)(shi)天(tian)輪的(de)輪緣、鉆(zhan)桿的(de)卡盤和(he)護筒的(de)中(zhong)心在同一垂直線上，并(bing)在鉆(zhan)進過程中(zhong)防止位(wei)移，鐵路夯擴擠密樁施工(gong)，在不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)地層中(zhong)鉆(zhan)孔時，采(cai)用自重(zhong)大、鉆(zhan)桿剛度大的(de)鉆(zhan)機(ji)。

遇到土層呈(cheng)斜狀(zhuang)分布或土層中夾有(you)大的孤石或其(qi)它硬(ying)物等情形。鉆速要(yao)加慢檔。另外安裝導正裝置(zhi)也是防止孔斜的簡單有(you)效的方(fang)法(fa)。

樁底沉渣量過多

對摩(mo)擦樁(zhuang)來說(shuo)(shuo)，由于(yu)其(qi)受(shou)(shou)力(li)(li)機理是(shi)通過樁(zhuang)表面(mian)和周圍土壤之間的(de)磨(mo)擦力(li)(li)或(huo)依附力(li)(li)，逐漸把荷(he)載從樁(zhuang)頂傳遞到周圍的(de)土體中，如果在設計中端部(bu)反(fan)力(li)(li)不大(da)(da)，端部(bu)的(de)沉(chen)渣(zha)量對樁(zhuang)承載力(li)(li)亦影響(xiang)不大(da)(da)；而對于(yu)承載樁(zhuang)來說(shuo)(shuo)，如果沉(chen)渣(zha)量過大(da)(da)，勢必造成樁(zhuang)受(shou)(shou)荷(he)時發生大(da)(da)量沉(chen)降，同樣使(shi)樁(zhuang)的(de)承載力(li)(li)失效(xiao)，原(yuan)平(ping)夯擴擠密(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)工(gong)，因此鉆孔灌(guan)注(zhu)樁(zhuang)的(de)沉(chen)渣(zha)量檢查(cha)是(shi)施(shi)工(gong)控制中的(de)一項(xiang)關鍵工(gong)作。

擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，環保擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，水泥(ni)土(tu)(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，素(su)土(tu)(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，夯擴擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，沉管(guan)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，強夯地基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，碎(sui)石(shi)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)螺紋樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，鉆孔灌注樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，軟土(tu)(tu)(tu)地基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我公司主(zhu)營(ying)：擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程

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為處理好孔壁坍塌、埋鉆的(de)問題，要做到以下(xia)幾點：

做好泥漿制備工作。

土質松散、護(hu)(hu)筒(tong)周圍未用(yong)粘土緊(jin)密填(tian)封以及護(hu)(hu)筒(tong)內水位(wei)不高以及鉆進(jin)速度(du)過(guo)(guo)快(kuai)、空鉆時間(jian)過(guo)(guo)長、成孔后待灌時間(jian)過(guo)(guo)長和(he)灌注時間(jian)過(guo)(guo)長都會(hui)會(hui)引起孔壁坍陷。因此，在松散易(yi)坍的土層中，要(yao)適當埋深護(hu)(hu)筒(tong)，用(yong)粘土密實填(tian)封護(hu)(hu)筒(tong)四周，使用(yong)的泥(ni)漿，提(ti)高泥(ni)漿的比重和(he)粘度(du)，保(bao)持護(hu)(hu)筒(tong)內泥(ni)漿水位(wei)高于地下水位(wei)。

當遇到小溶洞(dong)或裂縫時，可能發生孔內泥(ni)漿均勻緩(huan)慢下降的現象。這(zhe)時，可采(cai)用在泥(ni)漿中(zhong)加適量水泥(ni)，增大泥(ni)漿比重(zhong)及(ji)其(qi)護壁效(xiao)果。

縮頸，即孔小(xiao)于設計(ji)孔徑，是鉆(zhan)孔灌注(zhu)樁常見的質量(liang)問題。

解決縮頸問(wen)題要針對其產生的(de)原因，找(zhao)到正確的(de)處理(li)方法：

縮頸的主要原(yuan)因(yin)是由于樁周土體(ti)在樁體(ti)澆注(zhu)過(guo)程中產生的膨(peng)脹(zhang)造成。針對這種情況，應(ying)采用(yong)泥漿，降(jiang)低失水(shui)量(liang)。

當軟土層受地下水影響和周邊車輛振動時，也容易發生縮頸。這時，可(ke)在軟塑土地層采用失水率(lv)小的泥漿護壁，降低失水量。

因鉆錘磨(mo)損原因造成的縮頸(jing)，應及時(shi)焊(han)補(bu)鉆錘，或在其外側焊(han)接一定數量的合(he)金刀片(pian)，在鉆進或起(qi)鉆時(shi)起(qi)到掃孔作用。

擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，環保擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，水泥土(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，素土(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，夯(hang)(hang)擴擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，沉管擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，夯(hang)(hang)擴擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方案(an)，強夯(hang)(hang)地基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，碎石擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)螺紋樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，鉆孔(kong)灌注樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，軟土(tu)(tu)地基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我(wo)公司主營：擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)

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土木(mu)工程的(de)地基問題，概括起(qi)來有四個方面。

　1、強度和(he)穩(wen)定性問題；

　2、壓縮及(ji)不均勻(yun)沉降(jiang)問題；

　3、地基(ji)的滲漏(lou)量(liang)超過允許值，會發(fa)生水量(liang)損失導致發(fa)生事故。

　4、、機器以及(ji)車(che)輛的振動(dong)、波浪作用和(he)等動(dong)力(li)荷(he)載可能引起地基(ji)土，特別(bie)是飽和(he)無粘性土的液化(hua)、失穩和(he)震陷等危害。

土木工程的地(di)基問題(ti)處理

　地(di)基處(chu)理常(chang)采用的方法：

　1、采取(qu)措施(shi)使(shi)土中孔隙減少、土顆粒之(zhi)間(jian)靠(kao)近(jin)，密度加大，廠房夯擴擠密樁施(shi)工，土得承載力提高；

　2、在(zai)地(di)基(ji)中(zhong)摻加(jia)各(ge)種物料，通過物理化學作用把土(tu)顆粒膠結在(zai)一起(qi)，使使地(di)基(ji)承載力提高，剛度(du)加(jia)大、變形減(jian)小。

　砂(sha)樁、碎(sui)石樁、水泥粉煤灰碎(sui)石樁

　碎石(shi)樁和砂(sha)樁合(he)稱為粗顆粒土樁。是(shi)指用振(zhen)動(dong)、沖擊或(huo)(huo)振(zhen)動(dong)水沖等方式在軟弱(ruo)地基中成(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)，再將碎石(shi)或(huo)(huo)砂(sha)擠壓入(ru)孔(kong)(kong)，形(xing)成(cheng)大直徑的由碎石(shi)或(huo)(huo)砂(sha)構成(cheng)的密(mi)實(shi)樁體，具(ju)有擠密(mi)、置換、墊層和加(jia)筋等加(jia)固(gu)作用。

　水泥(ni)粉煤灰碎石樁(zhuang)(zhuang)（簡稱(cheng)CFG）是在碎石樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)基礎上加進一些石屑、粉煤灰和少量水泥(ni)，加水拌合制成的(de)(de)具有一定(ding)強度的(de)(de)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)承載(zai)力來(lai)自樁(zhuang)(zhuang)全長產(chan)生的(de)(de)摩阻力及樁(zhuang)(zhuang)端承載(zai)力，適用(yong)于多層(ceng)和高層(ceng)建筑地基。