根據要(yao)(yao)求，細石(shi)混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)所(suo)采用的(de)石(shi)粒徑為(wei)(wei)(wei)5-16mm，而普通混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)石(shi)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求為(wei)(wei)(wei)5-31.5mm。細石(shi)混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)一(yi)般是指，粗骨(gu)(gu)料大粒徑不大于(yu)15mm的(de)混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)。再一(yi)種(zhong)就是將泵體裝(zhuang)在(zai)汽車底盤(pan)上，再裝(zhuang)備可伸縮(suo)或(huo)屈折的(de)布(bu)料桿，而組(zu)成的(de)泵車。普通混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)密度一(yi)般按照2400公斤(jin)/立方米計算，高(gao)強混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)可以(yi)按照2450算。混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)是以(yi)水泥為(wei)(wei)(wei)膠結材料，以(yi)天然砂、石(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)骨(gu)(gu)料，加水拌合，經澆筑成型，凝(ning)(ning)(ning)結硬化形(xing)成的(de)固體材料。那么(me)骨(gu)(gu)料的(de)作(zuo)用是：骨(gu)(gu)料占(zhan)混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)總體積的(de)70％～80％，在(zai)混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)中形(xing)成堅強的(de)骨(gu)(gu)架，可減小混凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)收縮(suo)。

混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)具(ju)有原料豐(feng)富，價格(ge)低(di)廉，生產工藝簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，因而使其用(yong)量越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)大。同時混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)還具(ju)有抗壓(ya)強度高，透水綠色混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，耐久性好，強度等級范圍寬等特點。混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)是(shi)以(yi)水泥為(wei)膠結材(cai)料，以(yi)天然砂、石為(wei)骨(gu)(gu)料，加水拌合，經澆筑(zhu)成型(xing)，凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)結硬化形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)固體(ti)材(cai)料。那(nei)么骨(gu)(gu)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)：骨(gu)(gu)料占混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)總(zong)體(ti)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)70％～80％，在混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)形(xing)成堅強的(de)(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)(gu)架，可減小混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收縮。混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)泵(beng)，由泵(beng)體(ti)和輸(shu)送(song)管組成。是(shi)一種利用(yong)壓(ya)力，將混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)沿管道連(lian)續輸(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械，主要應(ying)用(yong)于房建(jian)、橋梁及隧道施工。目前主要分為(wei)閘板閥混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)輸(shu)送(song)泵(beng)和S閥混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)輸(shu)送(song)泵(beng)。

按(an)膠(jiao)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)材(cai)料(liao)分類(lei)①無機膠(jiao)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)材(cai)料(liao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)，如水(shui)泥混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)、石膏混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)、硅酸(suan)鹽混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)、水(shui)玻(bo)璃混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)等(deng)(deng)；②有機膠(jiao)結料(liao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)，如瀝青混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)、聚(ju)合物混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)等(deng)(deng)。20世紀初，淮(huai)南綠色混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)，有人發表了(le)水(shui)灰比(bi)等(deng)(deng)學(xue)說，混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)綠色生產，初步奠定了(le)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)強(qiang)度(du)的(de)(de)理論基礎。以(yi)后，相繼出現了(le)輕集料(liao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)、加(jia)氣混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)及其(qi)他混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)，各(ge)種(zhong)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)外加(jia)劑也開(kai)始(shi)使用(yong)。1879年，他開(kai)始(shi)制(zhi)造(zao)鋼筋混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)樓板，以(yi)后發展為整(zheng)套建(jian)筑使用(yong)由(you)鋼筋箍和(he)縱向桿(gan)加(jia)固的(de)(de)混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)結構梁。僅幾年后，他在巴黎建(jian)造(zao)公寓大樓時采用(yong)了(le)經過改善迄今仍普(pu)遍(bian)使用(yong)的(de)(de)鋼筋混(hun)(hun)(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)主柱、橫梁和(he)樓板。