自流(liu)式主要用(yong)于廠較遠的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域，選礦后(hou)礦渣與水(shui)(shui)(shui)不用(yong)分離，直接(jie)用(yong)高壓輸(shu)送泵(beng)送人攪(jiao)拌池(chi)攪(jiao)拌，節約空間和(he)生產(chan)工序水(shui)(shui)(shui)砂充(chong)(chong)填(tian)是將(jiang)充(chong)(chong)填(tian)骨料(liao)加水(shui)(shui)(shui)制成(cheng)質量濃度(du)較低的(de)(de)砂漿(jiang)，利用(yong)管道(dao)、泵(beng)閥(fa)等自流(liu)輸(shu)送到稀漿(jiang)攪(jiao)拌機內添料(liao)如（水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)、膠(jiao)固粉等）充(chong)(chong)填(tian)料(liao)。在水(shui)(shui)(shui)砂充(chong)(chong)填(tian)中水(shui)(shui)(shui)僅(jin)僅(jin)作為輸(shu)送物料(liao)的(de)(de)載體，充(chong)(chong)入(ru)采(cai)空區(qu)(qu)后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)填(tian)料(liao)留在采(cai)空區(qu)(qu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)滲濾出去(qu)，沿巷道(dao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝流(liu)入(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)倉(cang)，通(tong)過排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)排(pai)泥(ni)設施將(jiang)滲濾出的(de)(de)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)隨清水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)失的(de)(de)細泥(ni)排(pai)出地(di)表。

針對(dui)礦山(shan)充(chong)填中單項(xiang)充(chong)填技術(shu)無法同(tong)時滿足井下(xia)開采、環保、安全等(deng)多樣(yang)性需(xu)求的(de)(de)難題，提(ti)出模塊化集成(cheng)(cheng)充(chong)填技術(shu)，根據工藝(yi)、設備(bei)等(deng)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)流(liu)程、位置關系進行(xing)優化組合(he)(he)或(huo)整合(he)(he)，形成(cheng)(cheng)相對(dui)獨(du)立的(de)(de)功(gong)能設備(bei)、功(gong)能單元或(huo)功(gong)能區域，然后(hou)根據不同(tong)的(de)(de)需(xu)求進行(xing)優化集成(cheng)(cheng)。該(gai)技術(shu)無濃(nong)密機，無砂倉，煤礦回填充(chong)填設備(bei)構成(cheng)(cheng)，還(huan)可實現濃(nong)縮，具有處(chu)(chu)理能力大、造(zao)價(jia)低，溢(yi)流(liu)濃(nong)度(du)低、放砂濃(nong)度(du)高，可直接處(chu)(chu)理選(xuan)(xuan)廠(chang)尾砂，設備(bei)維護簡單，充(chong)填作業(ye)時間受(shou)選(xuan)(xuan)廠(chang)影響等(deng)特點，并成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)應用(yong)于多個礦山(shan)。

在采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)上方(fang)布(bu)置鉆孔(kong)，煤矸石充(chong)填(tian)系統，利用(yong)鉆孔(kong)驗(yan)證并(bing)進(jin)(jin)行尾(wei)(wei)砂(sha)膠(jiao)(jiao)結充(chong)填(tian)，然后利用(yong)驗(yan)證鉆孔(kong)進(jin)(jin)行驗(yan)證充(chong)填(tian)效果并(bing)進(jin)(jin)行二次充(chong)填(tian)。六、工作部(bu)署(shu)具體(ti)方(fang)法根據xx區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地質(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境(jing)現狀，地質(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境(jing)治理(li)恢復總體(ti)方(fang)案是：xxxx首行對礦區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)范圍內進(jin)(jin)行物探(tan)測量，大(da)致查(cha)清空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分布(bu)情況，通(tong)過(guo)鉆探(tan)驗(yan)證工程(cheng)查(cha)明空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)深度和(he)空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分布(bu)范圍，建設(she)充(chong)填(tian)攪拌(ban)(ban)系統，后進(jin)(jin)行尾(wei)(wei)砂(sha)膠(jiao)(jiao)結充(chong)填(tian)對采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)進(jin)(jin)行治理(li)。而xx建設(she)充(chong)填(tian)攪拌(ban)(ban)系統進(jin)(jin)行尾(wei)(wei)砂(sha)膠(jiao)(jiao)結充(chong)填(tian)采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。（一）采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鉆探(tan)工作、xxxx根據空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分布(bu)，為了使充(chong)填(tian)料能夠順(shun)利進(jin)(jin)入空(kong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)并(bing)充(chong)分接。

建(jian)了(le)礦(kuang)山(shan)充(chong)(chong)填(tian)管道流阻(zu)環管測(ce)試系統。該(gai)系統包括了(le)DN76，DN89，江蘇充(chong)(chong)填(tian)，DN108，全尾砂充(chong)(chong)填(tian)站(zhan)生(sheng)產(chan)廠家，DN114，DN133等五種管徑的直(zhi)(zhi)管段和彎管段流阻(zu)測(ce)試，其中(zhong)直(zhi)(zhi)管測(ce)試段長(chang)達15m。由(you)于采用了(le)雙(shuang)葉輪高(gao)濃度(du)渣漿泵(beng)加壓，料漿濃度(du)可(ke)在清水到似膏體的70%左右之間變化(hua)。

由于空(kong)區(qu)治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)隱蔽性(xing)(xing)和(he)復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)(xing)，要求必(bi)須(xu)對(dui)治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)終效果進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)。為(wei)此，應在治(zhi)理(li)區(qu)域內(nei)(nei)選擇一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)范圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)路(lu)段對(dui)采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)底板以(yi)上受注(zhu)(zhu)層進(jin)行(xing)質量(liang)檢(jian)測(ce)。檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)：采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)治(zhi)理(li)施工(gong)(gong)后地(di)基穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)否滿足設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)要求，并(bing)根據(ju)不同公路(lu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)對(dui)其變形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)允許范圍(wei)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)評定(ding)(ding)(ding)標準。采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)屬(shu)隱蔽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，對(dui)它的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)控制(zhi)一(yi)直是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)難題(ti)。除了在施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中由業主(zhu)和(he)監(jian)理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師嚴格(ge)按照設計(ji)文件和(he)規范要求，對(dui)每一(yi)道工(gong)(gong)序進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)督(du)外，在治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結束后，必(bi)須(xu)對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)測(ce)，一(yi)般檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)(de)(de)時間應在注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)施工(gong)(gong)結束后6個(ge)月進(jin)行(xing)，主(zhu)要是(shi)考慮到在注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)期間，注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)壓力會對(dui)地(di)下(xia)采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)產生(sheng)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)應力變化，注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)結束后，采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)應有(you)一(yi)個(ge)壓應力調(diao)整的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)，才能達到采(cai)空(kong)區(qu)地(di)基平衡穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)。