二、主要(yao)方法及(ji)其原理滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)原理：將含(han)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)量較低的(de)鋼制(zhi)零件置于(yu)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)介質(zhi)中加(jia)熱(re)或(huo)保溫，使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)原子(zi)滲(shen)入零件表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)。隨后進行(xing)淬火和低溫回火處(chu)(chu)理，使(shi)表(biao)(biao)層(ceng)獲得高碳(tan)(tan)(tan)馬氏(shi)體組織，從(cong)而顯著(zhu)提(ti)高表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)硬(ying)度和耐(nai)磨(mo)性。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度可通(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時間、溫度等參(can)數來調節。硬(ying)質(zhi)陽(yang)極氧化原理：以鋁(lv)或(huo)鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)(jin)為(wei)陽(yang)極，在電(dian)解液(ye)中進行(xing)電(dian)解處(chu)(chu)理，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)硬(ying)化加(jia)工(gong)多(duo)少錢，使(shi)其表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)生成(cheng)一層(ceng)厚度可達(da)幾個至幾百微米的(de)氧化膜(mo)(mo)。這層(ceng)氧化膜(mo)(mo)具有(you)多(duo)孔(kong)蜂窩狀結構，經過(guo)封閉(bi)處(chu)(chu)理后，其耐(nai)蝕(shi)性、耐(nai)磨(mo)性和裝飾性均優于(yu)鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)(jin)的(de)天然氧化膜(mo)(mo)。應(ying)用：廣泛用于(yu)鋁(lv)及(ji)鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)(jin)制(zhi)品的(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)處(chu)(chu)理，以提(ti)高其表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)硬(ying)度和耐(nai)磨(mo)性。

PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是一種重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)處(chu)理(li)技(ji)術，它能夠有(you)效提升PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)和(he)耐刮(gua)擦性(xing)能，拓寬其應用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍。在(zai)(zai)(zai)PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)成(cheng)(cheng)型之后(hou)，通(tong)(tong)常會(hui)進行(xing)(xing)這道二次處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)方法包括表(biao)(biao)面(mian)鍍(du)膜工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和(he)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)涂(tu)裝工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。通(tong)(tong)過在(zai)(zai)(zai)這類板(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)涂(tu)覆含硅、鈦(tai)等成(cheng)(cheng)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)涂(tu)層，能有(you)效增加(jia)其硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)。這一過程涉及到在(zai)(zai)(zai)PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)基(ji)材(cai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)進行(xing)(xing)電鍍(du)或涂(tu)裝加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，使(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)涂(tu)層附著于(yu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面(mian)，并(bing)經過烘箱(xiang)干燥處(chu)理(li)，從而達(da)到硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)要(yao)(yao)求。經過這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理(li)，PC硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)可(ke)達(da)到3H至(zhi)4H，足以(yi)(yi)滿足一般工(gong)(gong)(gong)業要(yao)(yao)求。值得注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是，并(bing)非(fei)所有(you)品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)都適合進行(xing)(xing)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)處(chu)理(li)，它對(dui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求相對(dui)嚴格。特別(bie)(bie)是，PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)必須無(wu)模頭線、無(wu)水(shui)波紋等現象，才能確保硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)和(he)效果。PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)領(ling)域廣泛，特別(bie)(bie)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)需要(yao)(yao)高(gao)透明度(du)(du)、高(gao)強度(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)及良好(hao)柔軟度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合中。例如(ru)，它可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)手(shou)機視窗(chuang)、電視機顯示屏等電子產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)保護，由于(yu)具有(you)防刮(gua)花功能，即使(shi)手(shou)部經常接觸也不會(hui)產生劃痕(hen)。此外(wai)，PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)還因其出(chu)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗沖擊(ji)性(xing)能被譽為“透明鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)”，在(zai)(zai)(zai)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)中也有(you)重要(yao)(yao)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。綜上所述，PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)是一種有(you)效提升板(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)性(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，通(tong)(tong)過表(biao)(biao)面(mian)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)處(chu)理(li)，PC板(ban)(ban)(ban)能夠在(zai)(zai)(zai)多個領(ling)域發揮(hui)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)一(yi)種重要的(de)(de)材料處(chu)(chu)理技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，主要通過(guo)機(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，使金屬(shu)材料在(zai)塑(su)性變形過(guo)程中產生(sheng)殘余應(ying)力，從而提高(gao)(gao)(gao)其(qi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)、強(qiang)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)耐疲勞(lao)性能。這種技(ji)(ji)術(shu)廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)機(ji)械制(zhi)造、航(hang)空(kong)、航(hang)天等領域。在(zai)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中，隨著冷變形程度(du)(du)的(de)(de)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，金屬(shu)材料的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)指標(biao)會(hui)(hui)有所提高(gao)(gao)(gao)，但塑(su)性、韌性會(hui)(hui)有所下(xia)降。這是(shi)因為金屬(shu)在(zai)塑(su)性變形時，表(biao)面硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成品，晶粒會(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)滑移，出現位錯的(de)(de)纏結(jie)，使晶粒拉長、破碎(sui)和(he)(he)纖維化(hua)(hua)，進(jin)而在(zai)金屬(shu)內部(bu)產生(sheng)殘余應(ying)力。這種加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)程度(du)(du)通常可以通過(guo)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后與加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前表(biao)面層顯(xian)微硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)比值和(he)(he)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)層深度(du)(du)來衡量。硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)十分廣(guang)泛(fan)。例如，甘肅(su)表(biao)面硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，在(zai)汽車制(zhi)造中，該技(ji)(ji)術(shu)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)強(qiang)發動機(ji)的(de)(de)活塞、曲軸等關(guan)鍵零部(bu)件，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)其(qi)耐久性和(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。在(zai)航(hang)空(kong)、航(hang)天領域，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)則用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)造高(gao)(gao)(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)可靠性的(de)(de)飛(fei)機(ji)零部(bu)件，以增強(qiang)飛(fei)機(ji)的(de)(de)安全性和(he)(he)飛(fei)行性能。然而，表(biao)面硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)哪家好，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)給金屬(shu)的(de)(de)進(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)帶(dai)來一(yi)定困難。因此，在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中，需(xu)(xu)要根據具體需(xu)(xu)求合理選擇加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法和(he)(he)參數，以實(shi)現材料的(de)(de)性能。總之，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)一(yi)種重要的(de)(de)材料處(chu)(chu)理方法，其(qi)研究(jiu)和(he)(he)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)對推(tui)動材料科(ke)學和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)發展具有重要意義。如需(xu)(xu)更多信息(xi)，建議查(cha)閱相關(guan)領域的(de)(de)書(shu)籍或(huo)咨詢相關(guan)領域的(de)(de)。