影響電纜性能的六大因素：1.紫外線(UV)——不要將無紫外線防護的電纜應用于陽光的直射環境內。2.熱度——電纜在金屬管道或線槽內的溫度很高，許多聚合材料在這種溫度下會降低使用壽命。3.水——在局域網雙絞線電纜的水分會增加電纜的電容，從而降低了阻抗并引起近端串擾問題。4.機械損壞(修復費用)——光纜的修復是十分昂貴的，光伏電纜，在每一個間斷點至少需要兩次端接。5.接地——如果電纜的屏蔽層需要接地，則必須遵守相應的標準。6.路由總長度(不僅僅指樓間)——大樓間采用室外級的局域網雙絞線電纜，其總長度要限制在90米之內。對于100Mps或1000Mbps網絡，其鋪設距離不能超過這一限度。如鋪設的距離在100米到300米之間，則應該選擇光纜。

電線電纜主要由導電線芯，絕緣層、護套層三個基本的結構元件組成．電線與電纜的區別沒有嚴格的界限，但從廣意上講，電纜結構較復雜，它有復雜的護套層，而電線結構比較簡單有的僅有導體和絕緣層，有的只有編織涂臘輕便護層或包覆一層輕型的軟護層．電線電纜的導電線芯是用于傳輸電流的．為減小電能損耗及電壓降，導電線芯一般選用導電率高的銅和鋁制成． 絕緣層的作用是防止電流沿徑向泄漏，保證使用安全．因此要求絕緣層要具有良好的電絕緣性能．耐熱性能和一定的機械強度．

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)是(shi)(shi)覆蓋(gai)有絕緣層(ceng)、保護(hu)層(ceng)、屏蔽層(ceng)等(deng)的導(dao)體。用于傳輸功率或(huo)信號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)信號電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可分為高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)和(he)低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。與(yu)低(di)壓(ya)架空(kong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路、低(di)壓(ya)架空(kong)絕緣線(xian)(xian)(xian)路相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比，低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路造價更高，敷設維(wei)護(hu)難度(du)更大，但由于其運行可靠、無(wu)桿、不占地、不妨礙視線(xian)(xian)(xian)、受外界影(ying)響小等(deng)特點，在低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中得到廣泛應用。低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)由線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)、絕緣層(ceng)和(he)保護(hu)層(ceng)組成。線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)用來傳導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的，通(tong)常是(shi)(shi)由絞合(he)的銅(tong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)或(huo)鋁線(xian)(xian)(xian)制成。低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)包(bao)括(kuo)單(dan)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)、雙芯(xin)(xin)(xin)、三(san)(san)(san)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)四(si)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)。單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路采用雙芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三(san)(san)(san)線(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)四(si)線(xian)(xian)(xian)分別采用三(san)(san)(san)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)四(si)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)。根據(ju)需要(yao)，單(dan)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)可用于單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路或(huo)三(san)(san)(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路。