環保型融雪劑的指標

含有(you)氯(lv)化鈣(gai)的(de)環(huan)保融雪(xue)劑，氯(lv)化鈣(gai)在吸水(shui)時會發出熱量，使附近的(de)雪(xue)受熱變軟融化；還有(you)一些特(te)殊的(de)成(cheng)分，用于改變雪(xue)晶體表面的(de)形狀，有(you)固(gu)體變成(cheng)介(jie)于固(gu)液之間(jian)的(de)半流動(dong)體。所以(yi)我們應(ying)當深(shen)入地探討環(huan)保融雪(xue)劑，而(er)不是簡單地利用日(ri)常生活的(de)知識(shi)來解釋。首(shou)先要了解環(huan)保融雪(xue)劑的(de)指標有(you)哪些？如下三(san)項：

1）成份

成份不(bu)僅影響到(dao)性能，還是環保的(de)重要指標，例如(ru)日(ri)韓兩國(guo)就(jiu)只(zhi)允許氯化鈣型(xing)環保融(rong)雪劑。

2）形狀

因為各(ge)國各(ge)地的環(huan)保融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)劑撒布機不同，對環(huan)保融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)劑的形(xing)狀也相應的有一些要(yao)求，新型環(huan)保融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)劑，例如日本要(yao)求用球形(xing)的環(huan)保融(rong)(rong)雪(xue)劑。

3）適用的低溫度

并(bing)不是任何氣溫(wen)條件(jian)下，環保融雪劑都能發揮(hui)良(liang)好的(de)(de)作用(yong)，而是有一個低氣溫(wen)的(de)(de)衡量(liang)指(zhi)標(biao)。所以我們要(yao)根據該(gai)地區的(de)(de)氣溫(wen)條件(jian)來選擇(ze)合適的(de)(de)型號。

大(da)雪過后用(yong)融(rong)雪劑快速(su)融(rong)雪的過程(cheng)是什么

在每年的(de)冬日，白雪(xue)紛飛(fei)后(hou)，地面就會(hui)有(you)厚厚的(de)積(ji)(ji)雪(xue)，雪(xue)景固然美麗，然而長久不化的(de)積(ji)(ji)雪(xue)卻會(hui)嚴(yan)重影響人們的(de)生活(huo)，尤其是交通。所以(yi)，需(xu)要進行的(de)除雪(xue)處理。

使用(yong)通常方式鏟雪，（人工除雪、機械除雪）效(xiao)率不高，而采用(yong)噴(pen)撒融雪劑的(de)方式來融雪，則有效(xiao)得多，其中常用(yong)的(de)融雪劑就是(shi)粗鹽，就是(shi)指融雪劑。

為什么撒(sa)化工(gong)鹽(yan)可以融(rong)雪(xue)呢？大家都知道，水(shui)(shui)的凝固點(dian)是0℃，而形成鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)以后，鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)的凝固點(dian)會(hui)下(xia)降到0℃以下(xia)，這(zhe)主(zhu)要是因(yin)為鹽(yan)溶液中(zhong)含有(you)氯離子和鈉離子后，鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)溶液所對(dui)應的水(shui)(shui)蒸氣壓會(hui)降低(di)。鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)如果要燒開，溫度就(jiu)會(hui)超(chao)過100℃，同(tong)樣(yang)鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)要結冰(bing)，溫度也會(hui)低(di)于0℃。因(yin)此，撒(sa)上鹽(yan)后，融(rong)化后的雪(xue)水(shui)(shui)就(jiu)不(bu)易結冰(bing)，這(zhe)樣(yang)外出時就(jiu)會(hui)安(an)全很(hen)多了。

簡單地說，融(rong)雪(xue)(xue)劑的(de)(de)(de)作用原(yuan)理是利用鹽(yan)水的(de)(de)(de)凝固點(dian)(dian)比水的(de)(de)(de)凝固點(dian)(dian)低的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)，實際上(shang)(shang)雪(xue)(xue)是在(zai)不斷融(rong)化(hua)和凝固的(de)(de)(de)，只不過二者速度(du)相等，處于(yu)一種平衡狀態(tai)，撒上(shang)(shang)鹽(yan)以后(hou)，雪(xue)(xue)周圍的(de)(de)(de)水就便成鹽(yan)水，但又未能(neng)凝固，這樣(yang)雪(xue)(xue)就會不斷融(rong)化(hua)，并會越來越少了。

深入一點(dian)(dian)(dian)說，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解是一個(ge)物理化學過程，當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中(zhong)形成溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)后，新型(xing)融(rong)雪(xue)劑(ji)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)不同于(yu)原來的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)某些(xie)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)性(xing)(xing)有(you)關，如顏色、導(dao)電性(xing)(xing)等。但是溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)另一類性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，如蒸氣(qi)壓下降(jiang)(jiang)、沸(fei)(fei)點(dian)(dian)(dian)升高、凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)降(jiang)(jiang)低及滲(shen)透壓，只與(yu)(yu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粒子的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)有(you)關，而與(yu)(yu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)性(xing)(xing)無(wu)關。由(you)于(yu)這類性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變化，只適用于(yu)稀溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)，液(ye)(ye)體(ti)融(rong)雪(xue)劑(ji)價(jia)格，稱為稀溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)依(yi)數性(xing)(xing)，如化冰鹽的(de)(de)(de)水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)隨著鹽的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)增加而降(jiang)(jiang)低，一直降(jiang)(jiang)低到冰鹽合晶點(dian)(dian)(dian)，稀溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)、沸(fei)(fei)點(dian)(dian)(dian)具有(you)依(yi)數性(xing)(xing)，它與(yu)(yu)每1000 g 溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中(zhong)含溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)值有(you)關，每上(shang)升1 mol/1000 ，焦作融(rong)雪(xue)劑(ji)，凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)下降(jiang)(jiang)大約(yue)1．86℃。如若1000 中(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)有(you)58.5 g NaCl，也就是大約(yue)1mol，。此鹽水的(de)(de)(de)凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)便大約(yue)是－3.72℃，這樣可由(you)鹽水的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)大致推出其(qi)凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。