在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)制造(zao)過(guo)程中(zhong)，由外(wai)面侵入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)極(ji)微量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)水分(fen)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕緣層中(zhong)是(shi)均勻分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)投(tou)入(ru)使用后(hou)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用下，附(fu)近電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)廠，受到不均勻電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)吸引，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)極(ji)化遷(qian)移(yi)，逐漸積(ji)累而產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)局部過(guo)飽(bao)和狀態形成水樹(shu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣層中(zhong)只要(yao)同時存在(zai)水和電(dian)(dian)(dian)場就會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)水樹(shu)。水樹(shu)是(shi)直徑在(zai)０．１微米到幾微米充滿水的(de)(de)(de)空隙集(ji)合。水樹(shu)和環境(jing)(jing)濕度也有(you)關，交聯聚乙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)６５％以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)濕度環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就可以(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)水樹(shu)。水樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)直接影響(xiang)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)壽命。為了降低(di)水樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)增長(chang)速度，在(zai)地(di)下水位較高及(ji)多(duo)雨的(de)(de)(de)地(di)區，電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)規格型號(hao)，不宜(yi)采(cai)取埋地(di)敷設(she)；在(zai)南(nan)方地(di)區黃梅季節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)溝(gou)內容易結露(lu)，滁(chu)州電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)，因此要(yao)有(you)通(tong)(tong)內措施；電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)入(ru)口處(chu)應有(you)堵(du)水措施，避免(mian)雨水流(liu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜因導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)而起(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因。過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)使(shi)雙(shuang)股(gu)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)間(jian)(jian)絕緣(yuan)層破壞引(yin)起(qi)(qi)短(duan)路，燒(shao)毀設備(bei)，引(yin)發火(huo)(huo)災(zai)。雙(shuang)股(gu)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)靠其間(jian)(jian)絕緣(yuan)層隔開，過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)使(shi)絕緣(yuan)層軟化破壞，從而導(dao)(dao)致兩股(gu)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸引(yin)起(qi)(qi)短(duan)路，燒(shao)損(sun)設備(bei)。同時短(duan)路瞬間(jian)(jian)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流1產生的(de)(de)高溫使(shi)線(xian)(xian)路起(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)、熔斷，產生的(de)(de)熔珠落(luo)至可燃(ran)物引(yin)發火(huo)(huo)災(zai)。過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)溫升還(huan)能(neng)直(zhi)接(jie)引(yin)燃(ran)附(fu)(fu)近(jin)可燃(ran)物。過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)傳熱使(shi)附(fu)(fu)近(jin)可燃(ran)物溫度升高，對附(fu)(fu)近(jin)燃(ran)點較(jiao)低的(de)(de)可燃(ran)物來(lai)講，將其引(yin)燃(ran)造成火(huo)(huo)災(zai)是(shi)有可能(neng)的(de)(de)。在貯存(cun)物品(pin)的(de)(de)庫房和使(shi)用(yong)易、可燃(ran)裝修的(de)(de)建筑中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜價格表，這種危險(xian)性尤為突出(chu)。過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)還(huan)使(shi)線(xian)(xian)路中的(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)處在過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)熱的(de)(de)條件(jian)下，這加(jia)速了其氧(yang)(yang)化的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程。氧(yang)(yang)化使(shi)連(lian)接(jie)點處產生不易導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)薄薄一層氧(yang)(yang)化膜(mo)，氧(yang)(yang)化膜(mo)加(jia)大(da)了接(jie)觸點間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，從而產生打火(huo)(huo)等現象，引(yin)起(qi)(qi)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)區別電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)是由一根(gen)(gen)或幾根(gen)(gen)柔軟(ruan)的(de)(de)導線(xian)(xian)組成，外面包(bao)以輕軟(ruan)的(de)(de)護層(ceng)，用于(yu)承(cheng)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)金屬(shu)線(xian)(xian)材。有實心的(de)(de)、絞(jiao)合的(de)(de)或箔片編織(zhi)的(de)(de)等各種形式。按絕(jue)(jue)緣狀(zhuang)況分(fen)(fen)為裸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)和絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)兩大類(lei)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)由一根(gen)(gen)或多根(gen)(gen)相互絕(jue)(jue)緣的(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)心置于(yu)密封護套中構成的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣導線(xian)(xian)。其外可(ke)(ke)加保護覆蓋(gai)層(ceng)﹐用于(yu)傳(chuan)輸(shu)、分(fen)(fen)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能或傳(chuan)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號。它與普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)差別主要是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)尺寸(cun)較(jiao)大，結構較(jiao)復雜。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)主要由導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)心、絕(jue)(jue)緣層(ceng)、密封護套以及保護覆蓋(gai)層(ceng)四個部分(fen)(fen)組成。按其用途(tu)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)﹑通(tong)信(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)和控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)等。