中空成型：

是把由擠出或注射制得的、尚處于塑化狀態的管狀或片狀坯材趨勢固定于成型模具中，立刻通入壓縮空氣，迫使坯材膨脹并貼于模具型腔壁面上，待冷卻定型后脫模，即得所需中空制品的一種加工方法。適合中空成型的塑料為高壓聚乙烯、低壓聚乙烯、硬聚氯乙l烯、軟聚氯乙l烯、聚苯乙l烯、聚丙l烯、聚碳酸酯等。根據型坯成型方法的不同，光谷塑膠模具，中空成型主要分為擠出吹塑中空成型和注射吹塑中空成型兩種。擠出吹塑中空成型的優點是擠出機與擠出吹塑模的結構簡單，缺點是型坯的壁厚不一致，容易造成塑料制品的壁厚不勻。注射吹 塑中空成型的優點是型坯的壁厚均勻、無飛邊，由于注射型坯有底面，因此中空制品的底部不會產生拼和縫，不僅美觀而且強度高。缺點是所用的成型設備和模具價格貴，故這種成型方法多用于小型中空制品的大批量生產上，在使用上沒有擠出吹塑中空成型方法廣泛。

塑料壓塑模具

包(bao)括壓(ya)(ya)縮成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)注成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩種(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。它(ta)們是(shi)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)來成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)熱(re)(re)(re)固性(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)的(de)一(yi)(yi)類模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，其所對應的(de)設備(bei)是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)力成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)機。壓(ya)(ya)縮成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)法根(gen)據(ju)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)特性(xing)，將模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)至成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溫度(du)（一(yi)(yi)般在103°—108°），然后將計量好的(de)壓(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)(su)粉放入模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腔和(he)加(jia)料(liao)(liao)室(shi)，閉合(he)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)在高熱(re)(re)(re)，高壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)呈(cheng)軟化(hua)粘(zhan)流，經(jing)一(yi)(yi)定時間后固化(hua)定型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為所需制品形狀(zhuang)。壓(ya)(ya)注成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與壓(ya)(ya)縮成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不同的(de)是(shi)有單獨的(de)加(jia)料(liao)(liao)室(shi)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)先閉合(he)，塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)在加(jia)料(liao)(liao)室(shi)內(nei)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)預熱(re)(re)(re)呈(cheng)粘(zhan)流態，在壓(ya)(ya)力作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)調整擠(ji)入模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腔，硬(ying)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。壓(ya)(ya)縮模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)也(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)某些特殊的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)塑(su)(su)(su)性(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)如難以(yi)熔融的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)塑(su)(su)(su)性(xing)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)（如聚(ju)加(jia)氟乙烯）毛坯(pi)（冷(leng)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)），光(guang)學性(xing)能很高的(de)樹(shu)脂鏡(jing)片，輕微發泡的(de)硝l酸纖維素(su)汽車方(fang)向盤等。壓(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)主要由型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腔、加(jia)料(liao)(liao)腔、導向機構(gou)、推出部件(jian)(jian)、加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)系統等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。壓(ya)(ya)注模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)于封裝電(dian)器元件(jian)(jian)方(fang)面。壓(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)(su)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)制造所用(yong)(yong)(yong)材質與注射模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)基本相同。

塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)模具是(shi)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)加(jia)工工業中和(he)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)成(cheng)型機配套，賦予塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)制品(pin)以完(wan)整構型和(he)精(jing)l確尺寸(cun)的(de)工具。由(you)于(yu)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)品(pin)種(zhong)和(he)加(jia)工方法繁多，塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)成(cheng)型機和(he)塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)制品(pin)的(de)結構又繁簡不一，塑(su)(su)(su)料(liao)模具的(de)種(zhong)類和(he)結構也是(shi)多種(zhong)多樣(yang)的(de)。

模(mo)具設(she)計和制(zhi)造(zao)與塑料(liao)(liao)加工(gong)有密切關系。塑料(liao)(liao)加工(gong)的(de)成敗(bai)，很(hen)大程度(du)上(shang)取(qu)決于模(mo)具設(she)計效果和模(mo)具制(zhi)造(zao)質量(liang)，而塑料(liao)(liao)模(mo)具設(she)計又以正(zheng)確的(de)塑料(liao)(liao)制(zhi)品(pin)設(she)計為基(ji)礎。