起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)是在一定范圍內(nei)(nei)垂直提升并水平搬運(yun)重(zhong)物(wu)的多動作起(qi)重(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)。橋(qiao)(qiao)式類型(xing)起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)包括橋(qiao)(qiao)式起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、特種起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、門式起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、裝(zhuang)卸橋(qiao)(qiao)等。經濾(lv)油器(qi)、隔(ge)爆型(xing)電磁換(huan)向(xiang)閥、節流閥、液控單向(xiang)閥、平衡閥進入液缸(gang)下端(duan)，使液缸(gang)的活塞(sai)向(xiang)上運(yun)動，提升重(zhong)物(wu)，液缸(gang)上端(duan)回油經隔(ge)爆型(xing)電磁換(huan)向(xiang)閥回到油箱。大多數起(qi)重(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)，需(xu)要(yao)在較大的空(kong)間范圍內(nei)(nei)運(yun)行，起(qi)重(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)資質，有(you)的要(yao)裝(zhuang)設(she)(she)軌道和車輪（如塔吊、橋(qiao)(qiao)吊等）；有(you)的要(yao)裝(zhuang)上輪胎(tai)或履帶在地(di)面上行走（如汽車吊、履帶吊等）。

大(da)多(duo)(duo)體積小、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)輕、使(shi)用方便。除電(dian)動葫蘆(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)絞車外，絕大(da)多(duo)(duo)數用人力驅動，適用于工作不繁(fan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)場合。它們可以單獨使(shi)用，起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)資質費用，有的(de)也可作為(wei)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)升(sheng)機構。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)按結構不同可分(fen)為(wei)輕小型(xing)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)、升(sheng)降機、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機和(he)(he)架(jia)空(kong)單軌系統(tong)等幾類。輕小型(xing)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)主要包括起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)滑車、吊具、千斤頂、手動葫蘆(lu)(lu)、電(dian)動葫蘆(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)普通絞車。在高校實驗室使(shi)用起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)雖數量(liang)不多(duo)(duo)、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)噸位不大(da)，代(dai)辦起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)資質，但由于起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)使(shi)用頻率不高，對其維護保養及安(an)全運行顯得更為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要。

各種起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)用途不同，構造(zao)上(shang)有很(hen)大差異，但都具(ju)(ju)有實現(xian)(xian)升降這一基(ji)本動(dong)(dong)作的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)升機(ji)構。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)通(tong)常(chang)結(jie)構龐大，機(ji)構復雜，能完成起(qi)(qi)升運(yun)動(dong)(dong)、水(shui)平運(yun)動(dong)(dong)。例如，橋式起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)能完成起(qi)(qi)升、大車運(yun)行(xing)和(he)小車運(yun)行(xing)3個運(yun)動(dong)(dong)。起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械亦可稱為起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)，是工業、交(jiao)通(tong)、建(jian)筑(zhu)企業中實現(xian)(xian)生產過程機(ji)械化(hua)、自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)，減(jian)輕繁(fan)重(zhong)(zhong)體力(li)勞動(dong)(dong)，提高(gao)勞動(dong)(dong)生產率的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要工具(ju)(ju)和(he)設(she)備(bei)，在我國已擁有大量的(de)(de)各式各樣的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)。