在工(gong)程(cheng)項(xiang)目施工(gong)中，旋(xuan)挖鉆孔(kong)成樁(zhuang)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)屬于一種新的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)手段，與(yu)現(xian)有(you)的(de)樁(zhuang)基成孔(kong)施工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)相比(bi)，不僅成孔(kong)效率有(you)很(hen)大的(de)提升變化，而且鉆孔(kong)成樁(zhuang)施工(gong)效果也比(bi)較(jiao)好，具有(you)很(hen)大的(de)應用價(jia)值。

這(zhe)是由于(yu)(yu)，旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中是利用(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)機設備自身的壓力實(shi)現(xian)鉆(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，并且鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中能(neng)夠對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)所成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)洞中的雜物(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)及時(shi)(shi)有(you)效(xiao)的清除(chu)，而這(zhe)種將(jiang)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)挖(wa)(wa)土(tu)(tu)及提(ti)(ti)土(tu)(tu)、卸土(tu)(tu)多項工(gong)(gong)(gong)作同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)，在(zai)很(hen)大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上提(ti)(ti)升了成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的效(xiao)率(lv)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)還能(neng)夠對(dui)(dui)(dui)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量效(xiao)果進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)保障，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)優勢自然(ran)高于(yu)(yu)一(yi)般的樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)。 此(ci)外，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)中，旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)技(ji)術(shu)不(bu)僅具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)強的適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)能(neng)力，旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊，能(neng)夠適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)多種樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，而且在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環境下(xia)，也(ye)能(neng)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)任務，像淤(yu)泥層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、粘土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以及砂土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)等不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)性質的樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中都能(neng)夠應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)實(shi)現(xian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)十分廣(guang)泛(fan)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)來講，旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)比較(jiao)(jiao)常見，它進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)主要通過(guo)在(zai)地基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)比例的樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)設置(zhi)，然(ran)后在(zai)安裝鋼筋(jin)籠的情況(kuang)下(xia)，與混凝土(tu)(tu)澆筑(zhu)方(fang)式，實(shi)現(xian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎的加固完(wan)善(shan)，來確保建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)效(xiao)果。根據這(zhe)一(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就可以看出(chu)，旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)僅具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)為突出(chu)的自動化(hua)、機械化(hua)與簡單化(hua)特征，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)在(zai)很(hen)大程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)上減(jian)輕了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人員的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作量，大幅度(du)提(ti)(ti)升樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)。后，旋(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)成(cheng)(cheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)中，對(dui)(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)產生沖擊影響(xiang)也(ye)比較(jiao)(jiao)小，且施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)靈活性較(jiao)(jiao)強，能(neng)夠結合施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)環境通過(guo)更換鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭(tou)提(ti)(ti)高鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量保障。

建筑(zhu)施工中(zhong)少不了旋挖鉆(zhan)機和打樁機等機械(xie)設(she)備的(de)使(shi)用，其實，使(shi)用設(she)備之(zhi)前還需要對土壤性質和類型作出考(kao)察和判(pan)斷(duan)，以(yi)此來確定使(shi)用什么(me)樣的(de)機械(xie)。

   作為土(tu)石方工(gong)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)在(zai)深(shen)基礎工(gong)程中(zhong)的(de)(de)重要性不(bu)言而(er)喻。土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)性質和類型(xing)直接關系到工(gong)程如何設(she)計、如何施工(gong)以及(ji)建筑(zhu)物后期的(de)(de)質量與安全。所以深(shen)基礎工(gong)程方案都(dou)必須從(cong)科學(xue)地勘測施工(gong)現場(chang)的(de)(de)土(tu)壤(rang)條件(jian)開始。

   按(an)照土(tu)壤(rang)與地下(xia)水位的(de)關系，可(ke)簡單地把(ba)土(tu)壤(rang)分為干土(tu)與濕(shi)(shi)土(tu)。地下(xia)常(chang)(chang)水位以上(shang)為干土(tu)，以下(xia)為濕(shi)(shi)土(tu)。當(dang)采(cai)用人工（集水坑(keng)）降低地下(xia)水位時，干、濕(shi)(shi)土(tu)的(de)劃(hua)分仍然是以常(chang)(chang)水位為標準；當(dang)采(cai)用井點(dian)降水后，常(chang)(chang)水位以下(xia)的(de)土(tu)就(jiu)不能(neng)按(an)濕(shi)(shi)土(tu)計(ji)(ji)算，二手旋挖(wa)鉆施工隊，均按(an)照干土(tu)計(ji)(ji)算。

   對(dui)于施(shi)工而言(yan)，根據不同(tong)的土質，可(ke)選用不同(tong)的機(ji)械設備，小型旋挖鉆(zhan)施(shi)工隊，比如旋挖鉆(zhan)機(ji)一般適(shi)用粘土、粉(fen)土、砂土、淤泥質土、回(hui)填(tian)土和一些卵石、碎(sui)石的地(di)層，但必須(xu)要配置不同(tong)的鉆(zhan)具，以分別適(shi)應于干式（短螺旋）、濕式（回(hui)轉斗）及(ji)巖層（巖心(xin)鉆(zhan)）的成孔(kong)作業。

 現行的土壤細劃(hua)為(wei)八類：

（1）砂土：粒徑不大于(yu)2mm的砂類土，包括(kuo)淤泥、輕(qing)粘土。

（2）粘土(tu)(tu)：亞粘土(tu)(tu)、粘土(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)、包括土(tu)(tu)狀風化。

（3）砂礫：粒(li)徑2mm~20mm的角(jiao)礫、圓(yuan)礫含(han)量（指重量比，下同）小(xiao)于或等于50％，包(bao)括礓(jiang)石、粘(zhan)土及粒(li)狀風化。

（4）礫石：粒徑(jing)2mm~20mm的角礫、圓礫含量(liang)大于50％，有時還(huan)包(bao)括(kuo)粒徑(jing)20mm~200mm的碎石、卵石，其(qi)含量(liang)在10％以內，包(bao)括(kuo)塊狀風化(hua)。

（5）卵(luan)石(shi)：粒(li)徑(jing)20mm~20mm的碎石(shi)、卵(luan)石(shi)含(han)量(liang)大于10％，有時還包括塊石(shi)、漂石(shi)、其含(han)量(liang)在(zai)10％以(yi)內(nei)，包括塊狀風化。

（6）軟石(shi)：各(ge)種(zhong)松(song)軟、膠結不(bu)緊、節(jie)理較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)的巖石(shi)及較(jiao)(jiao)堅硬的塊石(shi)土(tu)(tu)、漂石(shi)土(tu)(tu)。

（7）次堅石:硬的各(ge)類巖石，包(bao)括粒(li)徑大(da)于500mm、含量大(da)于10％的較堅硬的塊石、漂石。

       （8）堅石：堅硬(ying)的(de)各類(lei)巖(yan)石，寶峨旋挖鉆施工(gong)隊，包括粒徑大于1000mm、含量大于10％的(de)堅硬(ying)塊石、漂石。

因為旋挖(wa)轉機(ji)價格(ge)較(jiao)高，如(ru)何延(yan)長旋挖(wa)鉆(zhan)機(ji)的使用壽命(ming)就變(bian)得尤為重要(yao)。我(wo)廠長期以來努(nu)力研究，小(xiao)編將旋挖(wa)鉆(zhan)保養總結為三個步驟，一起(qi)看下下：

1.勤(qin)打黃(huang)油，減少磨損

要(yao)說起每天(tian)的(de)保(bao)養，我想大(da)伙(huo)兒想到的(de)第(di)0一的(de)就是打(da)黃油。沒錯，勤打(da)黃油能減少旋(xuan)挖鉆(zhan)機各個運(yun)動部件的(de)磨損(sun)，延(yan)長軸(zhou)銷和軸(zhou)套的(de)使用壽命，還(huan)有(you)一點就是駕駛過程(cheng)中(zhong)不至(zhi)于過早出現(xian)由于軸(zhou)銷磨損(sun)過度的(de)“哐(kuang)當”聲。

2.每天檢查旋挖鉆(zhan)及的(de)機油量(liang)

但是(shi)，打(da)黃(huang)油只(zhi)是(shi)日常(chang)保養的(de)第0一步，除了在每天工(gong)作前(qian)將所(suo)有(you)需(xu)要潤滑的(de)部位打(da)一遍黃(huang)油，還需(xu)要打(da)開發動(dong)機罩，檢查機油的(de)含量。缺少機油可(ke)不是(shi)鬧(nao)著(zhu)玩的(de)事，很容易造成發動(dong)機拉(la)缸(gang)或(huo)是(shi)燒瓦的(de)事故(gu)。

3.檢查防凍液含量

檢(jian)查(cha)水箱。水箱的(de)作用是(shi)通過防凍(dong)液(ye)的(de)循環來給發動機降溫的(de)，缺少防凍(dong)液(ye)如果沒有及時補(bu)充(chong)也容易造成發動機拉缸。日常檢(jian)查(cha)可以通過觀察膨脹水箱刻度(du)或是(shi)打開水箱蓋(gai)檢(jian)查(cha)防凍(dong)液(ye)的(de)含量。