電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是近(jin)幾年在經(jing)濟(ji)型(xing)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)出現(xian)的(de)(de)將車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)融(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)經(jing)濟(ji)型(xing)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統取消(xiao)了帶輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)齒輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)由(you)內(nei)裝式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而(er)把車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈的(de)(de)長(chang)度縮(suo)短(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)，實(shi)現(xian)了車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)“零(ling)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。這(zhe)種(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)“合二為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形(xing)式，使(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部件(jian)(jian)從車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統和(he)(he)(he)整體結(jie)構(gou)(gou)中相對獨(du)立出來(lai)，因此可做成“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元(yuan)”，俗稱“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。經(jing)濟(ji)型(xing)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是在經(jing)濟(ji)型(xing)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)出現(xian)的(de)(de)將車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)融(rong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，它與(yu)(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)刀(dao)具技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起，把高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)加工(gong)推向一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)新(xin)時代。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)組件(jian)(jian)，它包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)本身及(ji)其附件(jian)(jian)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻變頻裝置、油(you)霧潤滑器(qi)、冷卻(que)裝置、內(nei)置編碼器(qi)、換刀(dao)裝置等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉子直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)殼(ke)體就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)座，并且配(pei)合其他(ta)零(ling)部件(jian)(jian)，實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化。目前，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(變頻調速(su)(su)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)矢量控(kong)(kong)制技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等(deng))的(de)(de)迅速(su)(su)發展和(he)(he)(he)日(ri)趨完善(shan)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)(su)經(jing)濟(ji)型(xing)數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械結(jie)構(gou)(gou)已得到極大的(de)(de)簡化，基本上取消(xiao)了帶輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)齒輪(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)由(you)內(nei)裝式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而(er)把車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈的(de)(de)長(chang)度縮(suo)短(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)零(ling)，實(shi)現(xian)了車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)“零(ling)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。這(zhe)種(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)“合二為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形(xing)式，使(shi)(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部件(jian)(jian)從車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統和(he)(he)(he)整體結(jie)構(gou)(gou)中相對獨(du)立出來(lai)，因此可做成“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元(yuan)”，俗稱“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。由(you)于(yu)當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要采用(yong)的(de)(de)是交流高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，故也稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。由(you)于(yu)沒有中間傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環節，有時又稱它為(wei)(wei)(wei)“直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。

車床(chuang)的(de)(de)試運轉是(shi)指應在(zai)(zai)設備(bei)(bei)正(zheng)式(shi)投(tou)人作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業之前(qian)(qian)，先空行(xing)和(he)輕負荷工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)間，使機(ji)器(qi)得到初步的(de)(de)磨合；同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)段時(shi)間內，加(jia)強對(dui)機(ji)器(qi)技術狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)檢查(cha)、保養和(he)調整。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，機(ji)器(qi)在(zai)(zai)出(chu)(chu)廠后的(de)(de)運輸(shu)中，常由于其他原因(yin)而出(chu)(chu)現(xian)缺件(jian)(jian)、緊(jin)固件(jian)(jian)松動、缺少潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)(you)甚至失調等問題，這(zhe)可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)試運轉中加(jia)以(yi)發現(xian)和(he)糾正(zheng)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，試運轉中還應仔(zi)細(xi)檢查(cha)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，及時(shi)排除故障，使機(ji)器(qi)免遭損壞(huai)。　　車床(chuang)幾何精度檢驗合格后，需要(yao)對(dui)整機(ji)進行(xing)清(qing)理(li)。用浸有(you)清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)劑的(de)(de)棉(mian)布(bu)或綢布(bu)，不得用棉(mian)紗或紗布(bu)。清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)掉車床(chuang)出(chu)(chu)廠時(shi)為(wei)保護(hu)導軌面(mian)(mian)和(he)加(jia)工面(mian)(mian)而涂的(de)(de)防銹油(you)(you)(you)或防銹漆(qi)。清(qing)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)車床(chuang)外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)灰塵。在(zai)(zai)各(ge)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動面(mian)(mian)及工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)面(mian)(mian)涂以(yi)車床(chuang)規定(ding)使滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)(you)。　　仔(zi)細(xi)檢查(cha)車床(chuang)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)位是(shi)否(fou)(fou)按要(yao)求加(jia)了油(you)(you)(you)，冷卻箱中是(shi)否(fou)(fou)加(jia)足冷卻液(ye)。車床(chuang)液(ye)壓站、自動間潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)到油(you)(you)(you)位批示(shi)器(qi)規定(ding)的(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)位。　　檢查(cha)電氣控制(zhi)箱中各(ge)開(kai)關及元器(qi)件(jian)(jian)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正(zheng)常，各(ge)插裝(zhuang)集成電路板是(shi)否(fou)(fou)到位。　　通(tong)電啟動集中潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)裝(zhuang)軒，使各(ge)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)部(bu)(bu)位及潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)(you)路中充滿潤(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)(you)。做好車床(chuang)各(ge)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)一(yi)切準備(bei)(bei)。

普(pu)通車(che)床(chuang)質(zhi)(zhi)量應該由兩部(bu)(bu)分(fen)五個(ge)要從來衡(heng)量。一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)是(shi)(shi)功(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，簡略講(jiang)便是(shi)(shi)車(che)床(chuang)自身具有的才干(gan)，包括精度、剛(gang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、技(ji)術(shu)水平三個(ge)要素(su)；一部(bu)(bu)分(fen)是(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)量，代(dai)表(biao)了(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶運用(yong)(yong)(yong)產品的滿(man)意度，包括可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)、穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)兩個(ge)要素(su)。剛(gang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)的是(shi)(shi)普(pu)通車(che)床(chuang)接(jie)受負載的才干(gan)，和切(qie)削功(gong)(gong)率成正比。高(gao)(gao)剛(gang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)車(che)床(chuang)意味著(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)功(gong)(gong)率，留意這兒的功(gong)(gong)率講(jiang)的是(shi)(shi)單位時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)切(qie)除金屬的體積，大切(qie)深慢走刀(dao)不必(bi)(bi)定(ding)功(gong)(gong)率高(gao)(gao)，小切(qie)深快走刀(dao)不必(bi)(bi)定(ding)功(gong)(gong)率低。高(gao)(gao)剛(gang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的車(che)床(chuang)不必(bi)(bi)定(ding)高(gao)(gao)功(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，也不代(dai)表(biao)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量。一般穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)詳細(xi)到車(che)床(chuang)上便是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)車(che)床(chuang)精度、剛(gang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)等物理才干(gan)的堅持(chi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)有多久，即(ji)車(che)床(chuang)功(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)堅持(chi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)時(shi)間(jian)的長短,也是(shi)(shi)影(ying)響用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶做(zuo)出(chu)車(che)床(chuang)選擇的嚴重方針。普(pu)通車(che)床(chuang)的技(ji)術(shu)水平是(shi)(shi)相對的，比如(ru)說滾珠絲桿技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)二(er)十年前歸(gui)于(yu)技(ji)術(shu)，但(dan)現在(zai)(zai)已經歸(gui)于(yu)慣例技(ji)術(shu)，直線電機驅動才是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)技(ji)術(shu),車(che)床(chuang)技(ji)術(shu)開展一日千里，新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)層出(chu)不窮(qiong)，新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)常常意味著(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)精度、高(gao)(gao)剛(gang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)或許(xu)高(gao)(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量，但(dan)世(shi)事，新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)胎(tai)死(si)腹中也極有或許(xu)。普(pu)通車(che)床(chuang)的可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)必(bi)(bi)定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)、在(zai)(zai)必(bi)(bi)定(ding)條件(jian)下無缺點地實行功(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的才干(gan)或或許(xu)性(xing)(xing)(xing),車(che)床(chuang)的可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)基本等同于(yu)低缺點率，是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶重視的方針。

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