VCO采(cai)用(yong)多種封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)形(xing)式，七專級(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)調振(zhen)蕩(dang)器加(jia)工，通常采(cai)用(yong)表面貼裝(zhuang)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)同軸(zhou)連接封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)。通常采(cai)用(yong)堅固及(ji)氣密性封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)，或(huo)(huo)者專門針對惡劣環境和(he)滿足(zu)高可(ke)靠性標準(zhun)（工業、商業或(huo)(huo)用(yong)途）進(jin)行封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)。因此，電(dian)(dian)鍍和(he)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)材料/技術通常滿足(zu)標準(zhun)規(gui)定，七專級(ji)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)調振(zhen)蕩(dang)器廠家，能夠達到(dao)相關的(de)(de)運(yun)行溫(wen)度范(fan)圍、濕(shi)度、沖(chong)擊和(he)振(zhen)動要求。就大多數(shu)帶模擬電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸(shu)入(ru)設計(ji)的(de)(de)VCO而言，其輸(shu)出(chu)頻(pin)(pin)率與(yu)調諧電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)間存在大致線性關系(xi)，但這并未(wei)考慮輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)流、負載(zai)和(he)調諧電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)對輸(shu)出(chu)功率和(he)頻(pin)(pin)率特性的(de)(de)綜合(he)影(ying)響。這些影(ying)響可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)推頻(pin)(pin)（VCO頻(pin)(pin)率變化與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)關系(xi)）和(he)牽引(yin)（VCO頻(pin)(pin)率變化與(yu)輸(shu)出(chu)負載(zai)的(de)(de)關系(xi)）進(jin)行說明。

VCO的(de)關鍵性(xing)能(neng)參數(shu)是調(diao)諧電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻率范(fan)圍、本(ben)底噪(zao)聲、相位(wei)噪(zao)聲、輸出(chu)功率、諧波和負載阻(zu)抗。其次要性(xing)能(neng)參數(shu)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、調(diao)諧靈敏(min)度、推頻、牽引、調(diao)諧端口電(dian)(dian)(dian)容和機(ji)械事項。調(diao)諧靈敏(min)度用(yong)于說明(ming)調(diao)諧電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（MHz/V）變(bian)化(hua)(hua)引起的(de)輸出(chu)頻率變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。

值得注意的(de)(de)是輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)和(he)諧波功率(lv)與輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)直流功率(lv)和(he)調(diao)諧電壓(ya)之(zhi)間存在關系(xi)，但是不一定存在線(xian)性關系(xi)。就大(da)多數帶模擬電壓(ya)輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)設計(ji)的(de)(de)VCO而(er)言，其輸(shu)出(chu)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)與調(diao)諧電壓(ya)之(zhi)間存在大(da)致線(xian)性關系(xi)，但這并未考(kao)慮輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)電壓(ya)、輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)電流、負載和(he)調(diao)諧電壓(ya)對(dui)輸(shu)出(chu)功率(lv)和(he)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)特(te)性的(de)(de)綜合影響(xiang)。這些影響(xiang)可以采(cai)用推頻(pin)(pin)（VCO頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)變(bian)化與電源電壓(ya)的(de)(de)關系(xi)）和(he)牽(qian)引（VCO頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)變(bian)化與輸(shu)出(chu)負載的(de)(de)關系(xi)）進行說明。

LC壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)型壓(ya)(ya)控(kong)振蕩器

在任何(he)一種(zhong)LC振蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)器中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，將壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗元件插入(ru)振蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)回路就可(ke)(ke)(ke)形成LC壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)振蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)器。早期的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗元件是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，后來大(da)都使(shi)用變(bian)(bian)容(rong)(rong)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。圖(tu) 2是(shi)克拉(la)潑型LC壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)振蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)器的(de)(de)(de)原理電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。圖(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，七專級電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調振蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)器單價，T為(wei)(wei)晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，L為(wei)(wei)回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)感，C1、C2、Cv為(wei)(wei)回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，七專級電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調振蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)器，Cv為(wei)(wei)變(bian)(bian)容(rong)(rong)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)反(fan)向偏置時(shi)(shi)(shi)呈現出的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量;C1、C2通(tong)常比Cv大(da)得(de)多。當輸入(ru)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)uc改(gai)變(bian)(bian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，Cv隨(sui)之變(bian)(bian)化，因而改(gai)變(bian)(bian)振蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)頻率。這種(zhong)壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)振蕩(dang)(dang)(dang)器的(de)(de)(de)輸出頻率與輸入(ru)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)之間的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系為(wei)(wei)VCO輸出頻率與控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)關(guan)(guan)系式中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)C0是(shi)零反(fan)向偏壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)容(rong)(rong)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量；φ 是(shi)變(bian)(bian)容(rong)(rong)二(er)極管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)；γ 是(shi)結(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)變(bian)(bian)化指數。為(wei)(wei)了得(de)到線性(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)特性(xing)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以采取各種(zhong)補償措(cuo)施。