鍍(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)或(huo)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)制品表(biao)面(mian)鍍(du)(du)上一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)工藝。鍍(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)原理(li)(li)主要是(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)活(huo)潑(po)性(xing)和鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)不活(huo)潑(po)性(xing)，通(tong)(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應(ying)將(jiang)(jiang)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鍍(du)(du)在(zai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)表(biao)面(mian)，從(cong)而形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。具體原理(li)(li)如(ru)下：1.陽極保(bao)(bao)護(hu)原理(li)(li)：鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)比鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)高，當鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)接觸時(shi)，鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)會優先被(bei)氧化，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)離子(zi)(zi)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)則(ze)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)不受腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)。這是(shi)因為(wei)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)親和力較低，容易失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)而形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)陽離子(zi)(zi)，從(cong)而形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)來(lai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)。2.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應(ying)原理(li)(li)：在(zai)鍍(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)過程中(zhong)，錫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)廠(chang)，通(tong)(tong)過將(jiang)(jiang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)制品作(zuo)為(wei)陰(yin)極，將(jiang)(jiang)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)作(zuo)為(wei)陽極，放(fang)入含鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)鹽的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)，施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，使(shi)(shi)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)陽極溶解，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)離子(zi)(zi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中(zhong)移動，杭州(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)廠(chang)，經過一系列反應(ying)，終(zhong)在(zai)陰(yin)極表(biao)面(mian)還原成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)金(jin)(jin)屬鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均勻、致密的(de)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。3.防腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)原理(li)(li)：鍍(du)(du)上鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)后，五金(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)廠(chang)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)表(biao)面(mian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)致密的(de)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)氧化物膜(mo)，這層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)膜(mo)能夠隔絕空氣和水分的(de)接觸，起到(dao)防腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。即使(shi)(shi)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)被(bei)機械(xie)破壞，鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)與(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)仍然能夠保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)不被(bei)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)。鍍(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)主要目(mu)的(de)是(shi)為(wei)了防止鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)制品的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)，提高其耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。鍍(du)(du)鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于建(jian)筑、汽車制造、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力設備等領域，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)一種常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)防腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)處理(li)(li)方(fang)法。

電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)工藝是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)流來(lai)沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)金(jin)屬或其(qi)(qi)他合(he)金(jin)材(cai)料的(de)(de)技術，其(qi)(qi)基本流程如下：清(qing)洗(xi)：首(shou)先將(jiang)待(dai)鍍(du)(du)件進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)清(qing)洗(xi)，以(yi)去除表(biao)面的(de)(de)油污、銹跡等雜質(zhi)(zhi)。預(yu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)：對(dui)待(dai)鍍(du)(du)件進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)預(yu)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)，包(bao)括酸(suan)洗(xi)、氧化、鈍化等，以(yi)增強其(qi)(qi)表(biao)面的(de)(de)活性(xing)。鍍(du)(du)前(qian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)：對(dui)待(dai)鍍(du)(du)件進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)鍍(du)(du)前(qian)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)，包(bao)括清(qing)洗(xi)、活化、酸(suan)洗(xi)等，以(yi)保證電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量。電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)：將(jiang)待(dai)鍍(du)(du)件放入電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)液中(zhong)，通過電(dian)(dian)流將(jiang)金(jin)屬離子沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)在(zai)待(dai)鍍(du)(du)件表(biao)面，形成一(yi)層金(jin)屬或合(he)金(jin)層。后處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)：對(dui)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)件進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)后處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)，金(jin)屬電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)廠，包(bao)括清(qing)洗(xi)、鈍化、熱處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)等，以(yi)提高其(qi)(qi)表(biao)面的(de)(de)性(xing)能和質(zhi)(zhi)量。檢(jian)驗：對(dui)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)(du)件進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)驗，包(bao)括外觀(guan)檢(jian)查、硬度測(ce)試(shi)(shi)、鹽霧試(shi)(shi)驗等，以(yi)確(que)保其(qi)(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量。

鍍(du)鋅是指在金屬、合(he)金或(huo)者其(qi)它材料的表面覆(fu)蓋(gai)一層(ceng)薄薄的由鐵鹽組成的氯(lv)化(hua)物，然后通過電解或(huo)電化(hua)學的方法在表面上形成具有(you)保護性的涂(tu)層(ceng)。好處：1.提(ti)(ti)高耐腐蝕(shi)性；2預防生(sheng)銹和氧化(hua)3延長使用壽命4美觀裝飾作(zuo)用5減緩疲勞6防止(zhi)應力(li)集(ji)中7節(jie)約能源8提(ti)(ti)高力(li)學性能9有(you)利于機(ji)械加工等優點。