1、呈堿性(xing)（因為(wei)鈣離(li)子(zi)水解呈堿性(xing)、氯離(li)子(zi)水街(jie)后(hou)易揮(hui)發）

2、導電（溶液(ye)中存(cun)在可(ke)以自由移動的離(li)子）

3、冰點比水低（溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)有溶(rong)質）

4、沸點比水高 （溶液中有溶質）

5、蒸發(fa)結晶時要在（鈣離子水解）

氯化鈣在(zai)干(gan)燥的情況(kuang)下是(shi)(shi)白色固體(ti)，若在(zai)潮濕的情況(kuang)下可能變成晶體(ti)或者(zhe)成為(wei)(wei)半(ban)液態，要是(shi)(shi)水很(hen)多會成為(wei)(wei)溶液。

溶(rong)(rong)解：如(ru)果是溶(rong)(rong)于水使用，液體氯化鈣占有(you)優勢，因為(wei)不用再溶(rong)(rong)解了。也不用考慮(lv)溶(rong)(rong)解均(jun)勻(yun)不均(jun)勻(yun)的問題(ti)。

常用(yong)的(de)(de)載(zai)冷劑(ji)是水(shui)(shui)，但只能用(yong)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)0℃的(de)(de)條(tiao)件。當要求低于(yu)(yu)0℃時，一般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)鹽水(shui)(shui)，如氯化鈉(na)或(huo)氯化鈣(gai)鹽水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)。鹽水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)是鹽和水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)溶(rong)液(ye)，它的(de)(de)性質(zhi)取(qu)決于(yu)(yu)溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)鹽的(de)(de)濃度。

根據下(xia)圖所(suo)示的鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水凝固(gu)(gu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)，溶(rong)液(ye)中鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)時，凝固(gu)(gu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)增加而(er)(er)降低(di)，當濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)于一定值以后，松原74%球氯(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)鈣(gai)(gai)，凝固(gu)(gu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)增加反而(er)(er)升高(gao)，氯(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)鈣(gai)(gai)制(zhi)冷(leng)劑水溶(rong)液(ye)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)配比，此轉折點(dian)為(wei)冰鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)合(he)(he)晶(jing)點(dian)。曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)將(jiang)相圖分為(wei)四區，74%球氯(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)鈣(gai)(gai)除(chu)濕(shi)袋，各區鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水的狀(zhuang)態(tai)不(bu)同。曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)上(shang)部(bu)為(wei)溶(rong)液(ye)區；曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)左部(bu)（虛(xu)(xu)線(xian)以上(shang)）為(wei)冰—鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溶(rong)液(ye)區，就是說(shuo)當鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)于合(he)(he)晶(jing)點(dian)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)于該濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的析(xi)(xi)(xi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)而(er)(er)高(gao)于合(he)(he)晶(jing)點(dian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)時，氯(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)鈣(gai)(gai)制(zhi)冷(leng)劑，74%球氯(lv)(lv)化(hua)(hua)鈣(gai)(gai)干燥(zao)劑，有冰析(xi)(xi)(xi)出，溶(rong)液(ye)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)增加，故左側(ce)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)也(ye)稱(cheng)為(wei)析(xi)(xi)(xi)冰線(xian)；曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)右部(bu)（虛(xu)(xu)線(xian)以上(shang)）為(wei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)—鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水溶(rong)液(ye)區，就是說(shuo)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)水濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)于合(he)(he)晶(jing)點(dian)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)于該濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的析(xi)(xi)(xi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)而(er)(er)高(gao)于合(he)(he)晶(jing)點(dian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)時，有鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)析(xi)(xi)(xi)出，溶(rong)液(ye)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)降低(di)，故右側(ce)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)線(xian)也(ye)稱(cheng)為(wei)析(xi)(xi)(xi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)線(xian)。低(di)于合(he)(he)晶(jing)點(dian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)（虛(xu)(xu)線(xian)以下(xia)）部(bu)分為(wei)固(gu)(gu)態(tai)區。

無(wu)水(shui)氯(lv)化(hua)鈣跟二水(shui)氯(lv)化(hua)鈣在某些方面的異(yi)同(tong)之(zhi)處。1.外觀不(bu)同(tong)：無(wu)水(shui)氯(lv)化(hua)鈣主(zhu)要有(you)粉狀(zhuang)(zhuang)以(yi)及(ji)顆(ke)粒帶刺的球狀(zhuang)(zhuang)兩種(zhong)，二水(shui)氯(lv)化(hua)鈣一般有(you)片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、粉狀(zhuang)(zhuang)還有(you)外表(biao)光(guang)滑大小規則的球狀(zhuang)(zhuang)這三種(zhong)。但是無(wu)論以(yi)什(shen)么形態存在，氯(lv)化(hua)鈣都是白色固體，化(hua)水(shui)純(chun)凈無(wu)沉淀雜質。

2.含量不同：無水氯化鈣按照含量可分為Ⅰ型94%以及Ⅱ型90%；二水氯化鈣可分為Ⅰ型77%以及Ⅱ型74%兩種。