??墊(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)：鋁(lv)合金(jin)在高溫時(shi)強度很低，液(ye)態鋁(lv)的流動性能好，在焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)容易(yi)產生下塌現象(xiang)。為了保證焊(han)(han)(han)透而(er)又不(bu)(bu)致塌陷，焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)常采用墊(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)來(lai)托住熔池及附近金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)。墊(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)可(ke)采用石墨板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、碳素鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、銅(tong)(tong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或(huo)銅(tong)(tong)棒(bang)等。墊(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)表(biao)面開一(yi)個圓弧形槽，電氣焊(han)(han)(han)培訓學(xue)校，以(yi)保證焊(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)反(fan)面成(cheng)型。也可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)加墊(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)單面焊(han)(han)(han)雙(shuang)面成(cheng)型，但要求(qiu)焊(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)操作熟(shu)練或(huo)采取對電弧施(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)能量嚴格自動反(fan)饋控制等工藝措施(shi)。

??焊前預熱：薄、小(xiao)鋁件一(yi)般不用預熱，厚度10mm～15mm時可進行焊前預熱，根(gen)據不同類型的鋁合金預熱溫度可為(wei)100℃～200℃，企業(ye)電氣焊培訓(xun)，可用氧一(yi)焰、電爐或噴(pen)燈等(deng)加熱。預熱可使(shi)焊件減小(xiao)變(bian)形、減少氣孔等(deng)缺陷。

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弧(hu)搖(yao)把(ba)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)為了成形美麗(li)（多指魚鱗紋）所用的一(yi)種焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接搖(yao)晃辦(ban)法。搖(yao)晃速度與(yu)起伏以(yi)及頻率是(shi)和(he)母(mu)材原料，電源電流大小(xiao)有聯系的原料導熱快，那么相對的電流小(xiao)，搖(yao)晃快。關于搖(yao)晃形狀，其實(shi)只需(xu)注意焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接時(shi)，送絲送到熔池邊際，堅(jian)持氣能有用的保護好熔池即可(ke)。不論是(shi)8字形仍是(shi)Z字形，月牙形。別忘(wang)了焊(han)(han)(han)(han)工可(ke)是(shi)畫家(jia)(jia)，發(fa)明家(jia)(jia)，更是(shi)藝術家(jia)(jia)。搖(yao)把(ba)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接技能的本質是(shi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)嘴靠挨母(mu)材坡口一(yi)側點燃電弧(hu)。搖(yao)把(ba)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)管道弧(hu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)搖(yao)把(ba)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，弧(hu)搖(yao)把(ba)鋁(lv)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)以(yi)及白鋼搖(yao)把(ba)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)等等。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)焊(han)(han)是(shi)(shi)以集(ji)中的高(gao)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)轟(hong)擊工件(jian)表面(mian)時(shi)所產生的熱能(neng)進行焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)的方法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)時(shi)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)并加速。常用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)焊(han)(han)有：高(gao)真(zhen)(zhen)空電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)焊(han)(han)、低真(zhen)(zhen)空電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)焊(han)(han)和非真(zhen)(zhen)空電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)焊(han)(han)。前兩種(zhong)方法(fa)都是(shi)(shi)在真(zhen)(zhen)空室內進行。焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)準備(bei)時(shi)間 （主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)抽真(zhen)(zhen)空時(shi)間）較長，萊西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣焊(han)(han)，工件(jian)尺寸受真(zhen)(zhen)空室大(da)(da)小限 制。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)束(shu)(shu)(shu)焊(han)(han)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧焊(han)(han)相比，主(zhu)要的特點是(shi)(shi)焊(han)(han)縫(feng)熔深大(da)(da)、熔寬(kuan)小、焊(han)(han)縫(feng)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)純度高(gao)。它既可(ke)以用(yong)在很(hen)薄材料(liao)的焊(han)(han) 接(jie)(jie)，又(you)可(ke)以用(yong)在很(hen)厚的（厚達(da)300mm）構件(jian)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)。所有用(yong)其它焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)方法(fa)能(neng)進行熔化(hua)焊(han)(han)的金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)及合金(jin)(jin)(jin)都可(ke)以用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi) 束(shu)(shu)(shu)焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)。主(zhu)要用(yong)于要求高(gao)質量(liang)的產品(pin)(pin)的焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)。還能(neng)解決異種(zhong)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)、易(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)及難(nan)熔金(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)的焊(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)。但不適于大(da)(da)批 量(liang)產品(pin)(pin)。