零件(jian)在(zai)(zai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)裝(zhuang)配(pei)過(guo)程中所使(shi)用的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)，稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)按用途不(bu)同，又分為定(ding)位基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)、測量基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)和(he)裝(zhuang)配(pei)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)。定(ding)位基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)：天津(jin)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)床或夾具(ju)中占據(ju)正確位置所用的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)，稱為定(ding)位基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)。精密機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)形式根據(ju)不(bu)同的(de)(de)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)和(he)產(chan)品的(de)(de)要求而(er)有所差(cha)別。傳統的(de)(de)精密機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法就是(shi)(shi)我們(men)經常聽到的(de)(de)車、鉗、洗(xi)、刨、磨這些。而(er)隨著機(ji)(ji)械科技的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，大型機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠，在(zai)(zai)精密機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方面(mian)，還出現了電鍍、線切割、鑄造、鍛造和(he)粉末加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等等。精密零部(bu)件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)定(ding)義是(shi)(shi)，按步驟，機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)價格，按工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序完成各(ge)主要表面(mian)的(de)(de)終加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，包括工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)平行(xing)度(du)，表面(mian)光潔度(du)，表面(mian)垂直度(du)，表面(mian)硬(ying)度(du)等等，使(shi)零件(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)和(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表面(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)量達到圖(tu)樣(yang)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)要求的(de)(de)過(guo)程。

在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)領(ling)域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)進(jin)行零(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前需要(yao)了(le)解材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密度(du)(du)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)密度(du)(du)太大(da)，那么其對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)也就越大(da)，大(da)型機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)硬(ying)度(du)(du)超過了(le)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)，就沒法(fa)實施加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)遇到(dao)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況還是進(jin)行加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，不僅會(hui)(hui)損壞零(ling)件(jian)，還會(hui)(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)其他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危險，比方說崩(beng)刀、損壞機(ji)(ji)床等(deng)，因此，合(he)肥(fei)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)領(ling)域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)質(zhi)應該要(yao)低(di)于刀具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)(du)，這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料才適合(he)做精密機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。零(ling)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)上(shang)面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)多個型腔(qiang)(qiang)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，不宜采用一(yi)個型腔(qiang)(qiang)一(yi)個型腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式進(jin)行加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)排列，這(zhe)樣很容易造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)零(ling)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)受(shou)力(li)不均勻而(er)產生(sheng)變(bian)形，采用分層多次加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，每一(yi)層盡量(liang)同時加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)到(dao)所有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型腔(qiang)(qiang)，然后在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)下一(yi)個層次，讓(rang)零(ling)件(jian)均勻受(shou)力(li)減小(xiao)發生(sheng)形變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概率(lv)。機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)放在(zai)(zai)含有(you)(you)(you)磨(mo)塊(kuai)或者是磨(mo)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滾(gun)筒當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)里面(mian)會(hui)(hui)進(jin)行復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)動，而(er)運(yun)(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)壓(ya)力(li)，產生(sheng)壓(ya)力(li)會(hui)(hui)出現碰撞和(he)滾(gun)壓(ya)，這(zhe)樣就會(hui)(hui)讓(rang)零(ling)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)起到(dao)輕微磨(mo)削(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)，自然也就能夠實現讓(rang)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)慢慢被細化(hua)，表(biao)面(mian)也會(hui)(hui)因此變(bian)得(de)光(guang)整很多。

應使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率，通過(guo)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)到(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)品能盡快正常使(shi)用；三是(shi)應設法降低制造成(cheng)(cheng)本；四是(shi)要能夠(gou)(gou)減輕人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作業強度(du)，以(yi)及還能夠(gou)(gou)讓加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全(quan)進行。在(zai)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中，如果進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)規(gui)程(cheng)設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)話，其是(shi)有(you)一(yi)些設計(ji)(ji)原則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)，其主要是(shi)為：一(yi)是(shi)所設計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)規(gui)程(cheng)能夠(gou)(gou)讓零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)有(you)好的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量，并能夠(gou)(gou)達(da)到(dao)設計(ji)(ji)圖樣上所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)各項技術要求。機(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)又可分為鑄造、鍛造、沖壓(ya)、焊(han)接、機(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、裝(zhuang)配(pei)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)，機(ji)械(xie)(xie)制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)一(yi)般是(shi)指零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)和機(ji)器的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)配(pei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)總和，其他過(guo)程(cheng)則(ze)稱為輔助過(guo)程(cheng)，例(li)如運輸、保管(guan)、動力供(gong)應、設備(bei)維修等。