微式光伏逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)只配合單一太(tai)陽能(neng)模組運作的(de)(de)(de)(de)光伏逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)，將太(tai)陽能(neng)模組的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)源轉換為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)源。其設計(ji)允(yun)許以(yi)(yi)模組的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式由多臺微式光伏逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)獨(du)立(li)并(bing)(bing)聯運轉。并(bing)(bing)網(wang)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)（Grid-tieinverters）：逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓可以(yi)(yi)回送到商用交流電(dian)(dian)源，因(yin)此(ci)輸出(chu)弦波需要和電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)相位、頻(pin)率及電(dian)(dian)壓相同(tong)。物(wu)理上把將直流電(dian)(dian)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換成交流電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程稱(cheng)為(wei)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，把實現逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝置稱(cheng)為(wei)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)設備或逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)，逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱(cheng)由此(ci)而來。

太(tai)陽能逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)中的(de)太(tai)陽能系統(tong)主要(yao)由電(dian)(dian)池板，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)，逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)成。太(tai)陽能逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)可以分(fen)為：備用電(dian)(dian)池逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)（Batterybackupinverters）是一種特殊的(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)，由電(dian)(dian)池作為其電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，配(pei)合其中的(de)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)為電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，分(fen)布式光(guang)(guang)伏逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)，若有過多(duo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)力，會回(hui)灌到交流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)端(duan)。一般(ban)光(guang)(guang)伏逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)產品都給出(chu)了當(dang)直(zhi)流輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在允(yun)許波(bo)動范圍變(bian)(bian)(bian)動時，該光(guang)(guang)伏逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)波(bo)動偏差的(de)百分(fen)率，通常稱為電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調整率。

逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統內部重要(yao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)，太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)，其(qi)設備(bei)本身所配備(bei)的各類(lei)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)較為(wei)完善，具體有(you)(you)直流(liu)母線(xian)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、交流(liu)過欠壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、交流(liu)頻率(lv)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、極(ji)性反(fan)接保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、短(duan)路保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、孤島效(xiao)應保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、過溫保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、直流(liu)過載保(bao)護(hu)(hu)等(deng)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。許多獨立逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)也(ye)整合了電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，光伏逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)價格，可(ke)以用交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。一般(ban)這種逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)不會接觸到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，中山(shan)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)，因(yin)此(ci)也(ye)不需要(yao)孤島效(xiao)應保(bao)護(hu)(hu)機能(neng)(neng)。很大功(gong)率(lv)點（MPPT）的技術來從太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)板抽取大可(ke)能(neng)(neng)的功(gong)率(lv)。太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的太陽(yang)輻照度、溫度及(ji)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻之間(jian)有(you)(you)復(fu)雜的關(guan)系，因(yin)此(ci)輸出(chu)效(xiao)率(lv)會有(you)(you)非線(xian)性的變(bian)化，稱(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)-電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)曲線(xian)（I-Vcurve）。