噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)設備將有壓力的(de)(de)水(shui)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)射到空中，均(jun)勻的(de)(de)灑在(zai)土(tu)(tu)壤表面，供(gong)植(zhi)物吸收的(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)方法。基本(ben)原理是(shi)水(shui)源取水(shui)，泵(beng)站(zhan)加壓后(hou)，壓力管道輸水(shui)至(zhi)器噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)澆(jiao)水(shui)。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)適(shi)用(yong)于灌(guan)(guan)(guan)木、草(cao)坪、花卉等(deng)低(di)矮植(zhi)物，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灑密集、均(jun)勻。大面積草(cao)場(chang)、娛樂綠地(di)都(dou)采用(yong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)方式。其(qi)優(you)點是(shi)對不同地(di)形(xing)適(shi)應性(xing)(xing)強。可以設置在(zai)地(di)面灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)方法難(nan)以實現的(de)(de)復雜地(di)形(xing)。通(tong)過(guo)控制灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉(gai)(gai)(gai)時間(jian)、輸水(shui)壓力控制供(gong)水(shui)速率(lv)。土(tu)(tu)壤飽和前，若(ruo)供(gong)水(shui)速率(lv)低(di)于土(tu)(tu)壤的(de)(de)滲透率(lv)，土(tu)(tu)壤表面不會產面徑流、地(di)下滲漏(lou)，解決了無效用(yong)水(shui)、水(shui)土(tu)(tu)流失、土(tu)(tu)壤鹽堿(jian)化等(deng)問題。其(qi)缺(que)點是(shi)受風(feng)速影響較大。當風(feng)速大于5.5米/秒時（相(xiang)當于4級風(feng)），就(jiu)能吹散雨(yu)滴，大棚節水(shui)滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)批發，降(jiang)低(di)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)均(jun)勻性(xing)(xing)，不宜使(shi)用(yong)。

還(huan)可(ke)(ke)適(shi)應各種地形，擴大灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉面積(ji)；4）占用(yong)耕地少， 便于機械耕作(zuo)，輸水(shui)(shui)管(guan)道(dao)埋于地下，可(ke)(ke)減少 2%～3%的渠道(dao) 占地；5）設(she)備簡單，操作(zuo)方(fang)便，對于不同水(shui)(shui)源、作(zuo)物、土壤 及流(liu)量(liang)的適(shi)應性(xing)強，便于推廣。2.3 噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)技術(shu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)是利(li)用(yong)專門的設(she)備 (水(shui)(shui)源工程、水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)機組、管(guan)道(dao)系統、噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)頭等(deng) )將(jiang)壓力(li)水(shui)(shui)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)射到空中分散成(cheng)細小水(shui)(shui)滴，并(bing)均勻(yun) 地灑落(luo)到田間的灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉方(fang)法。噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)按方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)分為固定式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、 半固定式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)移動式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)三種類型，在我國用(yong)得(de)較(jiao)多的有固定管(guan)道(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、半移動式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)道(dao)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、滾移式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、圓(yuan)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen) 灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、平(ping)移式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)、絞盤(pan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)[7]。

傳統的(de)模式(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量浪費很大(da)；容易對土壤沖(chong)刷、產生(sheng)鹽堿(jian)地等(deng)危害，對植(zhi)物正常生(sheng)長不利(li)，山地節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滴灌(guan)價格，也不適應建設節(jie)約型(xing)園(yuan)林(lin)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)的(de)基(ji)本(ben)需求。如(ru)今(jin)，大(da)棚節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滴灌(guan)價格，更適應節(jie)約型(xing)園(yuan)林(lin)的(de)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)應用在國內已經較為(wei)普及，下(xia)(xia)面是(shi)4種節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)(gai)技術。一、低壓(ya)管(guan)道(dao)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)低壓(ya)管(guan)道(dao)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)將管(guan)材埋入(ru)地下(xia)(xia)，通過(guo)(guo)地下(xia)(xia)暗管(guan)低壓(ya)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。這種有壓(ya)管(guan)道(dao)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與傳統明渠輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方式(shi)相比，怒江節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)滴灌(guan)，1.節(jie)省輸(shu)配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)過(guo)(guo)程中的(de)蒸發(fa)、滲漏等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量損失，將輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)效率(lv)提(ti)升(sheng)至少(shao)90%。2.通過(guo)(guo)控(kong)制輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)力，調節(jie)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流量，避免了(le)土壤沖(chong)刷、鹽堿(jian)化(hua)等(deng)問題。3.低壓(ya)管(guan)道(dao)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方式(shi)還(huan)節(jie)省了(le)綠(lv)(lv)化(hua)面積(ji)，起到了(le)提(ti)升(sheng)園(yuan)林(lin)整(zheng)體景觀效果(guo)的(de)目的(de)。