車床數控改造的必要性(xing)

企業要在當前市場(chang)需(xu)求多變，競爭激烈(lie)的(de)環境中(zhong)生存和發(fa)展就需(xu)要迅速地更新和開發(fa)出新產品，以格(ge)、好(hao)的(de)質量、的(de)時(shi)間去滿(man)足市場(chang)需(xu)求的(de)不(bu)斷變化。

而普通機床(chuang)(chuang)已不適(shi)(shi)應(ying)多品種、小(xiao)批(pi)量生產要求，數控機床(chuang)(chuang)則綜(zong)合(he)了數控技(ji)(ji)術、微電子技(ji)(ji)術、自(zi)動(dong)檢(jian)測技(ji)(ji)術等技(ji)(ji)術，適(shi)(shi)宜加(jia)工小(xiao)批(pi)量、高(gao)精度、形狀復雜(za)、生產周(zhou)期要求短的零件。當變更加(jia)工對(dui)象時只(zhi)需要換零件加(jia)工程(cheng)序(xu)，無需對(dui)機床(chuang)(chuang)作任何(he)調整，因此(ci)能很好地滿(man)足產品頻繁變化的加(jia)工要求。

機床噪聲、溫升、轉(zhuan)速、空運(yun)轉(zhuan)試驗(yan)：

①主軸在(zai)各(ge)種轉速下連續空(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)轉4min，車(che)床數控改造聯(lian)系電話，其中轉速運(yun)(yun)(yun)轉時間不小于2小時。整(zheng)機空(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)時間≥16h，對圓弧、螺(luo)紋、外圓、端面(mian)等循環(huan)車(che)削進行(xing)模擬空(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)試驗。

②主軸軸承(cheng)(cheng)溫(wen)度穩定后，測軸承(cheng)(cheng)溫(wen)度及溫(wen)升滾動(dong)軸承(cheng)(cheng)：溫(wen)度≤70℃，溫(wen)升≤40℃;滑(hua)動(dong)軸承(cheng)(cheng)：溫(wen)度≤60℃，車(che)床數控改(gai)造，溫(wen)升≤30℃。

③機床(chuang)噪聲聲壓級空運(yun)轉條件下≤83dB(A)，車床(chuang)數控改造(zao)廠家地址，且機床(chuang) 有(you)無不正常(chang)尖叫、沖(chong)擊聲。各(ge)軸方向進給運(yun)動進行應平穩，無明顯振動、顫動和爬行現象(xiang)。

④機床連(lian)續空運(yun)轉試(shi)驗在規(gui)定連(lian)續空運(yun)轉時間內(nei)，無故障，運(yun)行(xing)可靠，穩定。

車(che)床數控改(gai)造關鍵技術

開環控制技術

數控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)有開(kai)環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和閉環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)兩(liang)種(zhong)，車床(chuang)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)改(gai)造(zao)廠家，其中(zhong)開(kai)環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)結構簡單、方便改(gai)裝，成本(ben)相對更低(di)，本(ben)次普通(tong)(tong)機床(chuang)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)化改(gai)造(zao)中(zhong)，根(gen)據改(gai)造(zao)后(hou)機床(chuang)的(de)(de)要求，選擇(ze)步進電(dian)(dian)機開(kai)環控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)，以(yi)簡化結構、降低(di)成本(ben)。機床(chuang)改(gai)造(zao)后(hou)，由(you)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)發出指(zhi)令脈沖，對系統(tong)(tong)執行(xing)部件進行(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，位移量(liang)、速度和運動(dong)方向的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，通(tong)(tong)過對指(zhi)令脈沖數量(liang)、頻(pin)率和通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)順序的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)實現。8255PA口輸出控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)字，通(tong)(tong)過光電(dian)(dian)耦合導(dao)通(tong)(tong)，TIP142導(dao)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)源驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)檢測電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)接上(shang)的(de)(de)采(cai)樣(yang)信(xin)號經過放大、比較(jiao)后(hou)將(jiang)信(xin)息送到(dao)TIP147基極驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)TIP147的(de)(de)飽和與截至(zhi)(zhi)從而(er)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)27V電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)斷。若繞阻(zu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不夠3A，則(ze)27V電(dian)(dian)源工作(zuo)，使電(dian)(dian)流(liu)增加，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到(dao)電(dian)(dian)機允許的(de)(de)限度時反饋信(xin)號經檢測電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)TIP147截至(zhi)(zhi)，27V電(dian)(dian)源停止工作(zuo)，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)由(you)5V電(dian)(dian)源供給，TLP421-4用于將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)+5V電(dian)(dian)壓與+27V電(dian)(dian)壓隔(ge)開(kai)，以(yi)防+27V高壓破(po)壞(huai)器件。