光伏(fu)組(zu)件(jian)材料(liao)分類(lei)晶(jing)體硅(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板：多晶(jing)硅(gui)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、單(dan)晶(jing)硅(gui)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。非晶(jing)硅(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板：薄(bo)膜太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、有機(ji)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。化(hua)(hua)學(xue)染(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板：染(ran)料(liao)敏化(hua)(hua)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。單(dan)晶(jing)硅(gui)單(dan)晶(jing)硅(gui)光伏(fu)組(zu)件(jian)的光電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率為18%左右，的達(da)到24%，這是所(suo)有種類(lei)的光伏(fu)組(zu)件(jian)中光電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率的，但(dan)制作成本很大，以致于它還(huan)不能(neng)被普遍地(di)使用(yong)(yong)。由于單(dan)晶(jing)硅(gui)一(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)鋼化(hua)(hua)玻(bo)璃以及防水樹脂進行封裝(zhuang)，因此(ci)其堅固耐(nai)用(yong)(yong)，使用(yong)(yong)壽命可(ke)達(da)25年。

晶硅光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)安裝后(hou)，暴(bao)曬50--100天，臨沂(yi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)，效(xiao)率衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)(jian)約(yue)2--3%，此后(hou)衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)(jian)幅度大(da)幅減(jian)(jian)緩并穩定有每(mei)年(nian)衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)(jian)0。5--0。8%，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)驗收，20年(nian)衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)(jian)約(yue)20%。單晶組(zu)(zu)件(jian)衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)(jian)要約(yue)少于多晶組(zu)(zu)件(jian)。非晶光(guang)(guang)做組(zu)(zu)件(jian)的衰(shuai)(shuai)減(jian)(jian)約(yue)低于晶硅。因此，提(ti)(ti)升轉(zhuan)化(hua)率、降低每(mei)瓦(wa)成本仍將(jiang)是(shi)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)未來發(fa)展的兩大(da)主題。無論是(shi)哪種方式(shi)，大(da)規(gui)模應用如果(guo)能(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)轉(zhuan)化(hua)率提(ti)(ti)升到(dao)30%，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)商(shang)，成本在每(mei)千瓦(wa)五千元以(yi)下(和水電相平)，那(nei)么人類將(jiang)在核聚變(bian)發(fa)電研究成功(gong)之前得到(dao)為廣(guang)泛(fan)、清潔、廉價的幾乎的可靠(kao)新能(neng)源(yuan)。

光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)組件和(he)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)維護方(fang)法：1、光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)系統或其他(ta)方(fang)式(shi)借力于組件板(ban)和(he)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)，禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)導(dao)軌支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)纜橋架(jia)(jia)(jia)等；2、嚴禁(jin)(jin)大(da)風、大(da)雨(yu)、雷雨(yu)或大(da)雪(xue)天氣的(de)(de)氣象條(tiao)件下清洗(xi)(xi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)板(ban)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)注意不用(yong)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)板(ban)溫度相差過大(da)的(de)(de)液體(ti)清洗(xi)(xi)；3、禁(jin)(jin)止(zhi)將清洗(xi)(xi)水(shui)噴射于光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)接線(xian)盒、電(dian)(dian)纜橋架(jia)(jia)(jia)、匯流箱等設備；4、光(guang)(guang)伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)表面(mian)的(de)(de)防(fang)腐涂層不應(ying)(ying)出現開裂和(he)脫落現象，否(fou)則(ze)應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)補(bu)刷，所有螺栓、焊縫和(he)支(zhi)(zhi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)連接應(ying)(ying)牢固可(ke)靠。