1）手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)沿普通(tong)車床(chuang)床(chuang)身(shen)導(dao)軌縱向(xiang)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)尾(wei)座(zuo)至合適的位置，逆(ni)時(shi)針方向(xiang)扳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)尾(wei)座(zuo)固(gu)定手(shou)柄(bing)(bing)，將尾(wei)座(zuo)固(gu)定。注(zhu)意移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)尾(wei)座(zuo)時(shi)不要(yao)用力過(guo)太(tai)。(2）逆(ni)時(shi)針方向(xiang)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)套(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)固(gu)定手(shou)柄(bing)(bing)，搖動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)手(shou)輪(lun)，使套(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)作進、退移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。順(shun)時(shi)針方向(xiang)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)套(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)固(gu)定手(shou)柄(bing)(bing)，將套(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)固(gu)定在普通(tong)車床(chuang)選(xuan)定的位置。(3）擦凈套(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內孔和錐柄(bing)(bing)，安裝后，松開套(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)固(gu)定手(shou)柄(bing)(bing)，搖動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)手(shou)輪(lun)使套(tao)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)后退出后。

機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)是(shi)(shi)數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)簡稱，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)裝有(you)程(cheng)(cheng)序控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)。該控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)能(neng)夠邏(luo)輯地處理具(ju)有(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)編碼或其(qi)他符號指(zhi)令(ling)(ling)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序，并將(jiang)(jiang)其(qi)譯碼，從(cong)而使(shi)車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)并加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件。 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)、伺服系(xi)統(tong)、檢(jian)測系(xi)統(tong)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)傳動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)及其(qi)他輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)組(zu)成。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)用于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)運算、管理和(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，通(tong)(tong)過輸(shu)入介(jie)質(zhi)得(de)到數(shu)據(ju)，對這些(xie)數(shu)據(ju)進行(xing)解釋和(he)(he)運算并對車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)產生(sheng)作(zuo)用；伺服系(xi)統(tong)根據(ju)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi) 系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)令(ling)(ling)驅動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)，使(shi)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)和(he)(he)零(ling)件執行(xing)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)代碼規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)；檢(jian)測系(xi)統(tong)則是(shi)(shi)用來檢(jian)測車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)執行(xing)件（工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺、轉(zhuan)臺、滑板等(deng)）的(de)(de)(de)位移和(he)(he)速(su)度變化(hua)(hua)量(liang)，并將(jiang)(jiang)檢(jian)測結果反(fan)饋到輸(shu)入端，與(yu)(yu)輸(shu)入指(zhi)令(ling)(ling)進行(xing)比較(jiao)，根據(ju)其(qi)差(cha)別調整車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)運動(dong)(dong)；車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)傳動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)(shi)由進給(gei)伺服驅動(dong)(dong)元(yuan)件至車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)執行(xing)件之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)進給(gei)傳動(dong)(dong)裝置；輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多，如：固定(ding)循環（能(neng)進行(xing)各種(zhong)多次重(zhong)復加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)）、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)換刀(dao)(dao)（可(ke)(ke)交換刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)、傳動(dong)(dong)間(jian)隙補(bu)償償機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)傳動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙誤差(cha)）等(deng)等(deng) 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)和(he)(he)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)全(quan)部(bu)在這個數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)單元(yuan)中完(wan)成，它是(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)大腦。與(yu)(yu)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)相比，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)有(you)如下特(te)點： 3 1、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度高(gao)，具(ju)有(you)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)； 4、車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)本身的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)度高(gao)、剛(gang)性大，可(ke)(ke)選擇有(you)利的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用量(liang)，生(sheng)產率高(gao)（一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)3—5倍）； 5、車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度高(gao)，可(ke)(ke)以減輕勞動(dong)(dong)強(qiang)度。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是近幾年在(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)將車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)融為一(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。高(gao)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)械數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)取消了帶輪傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和齒輪傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)由(you)(you)內(nei)裝(zhuang)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)直接驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而(er)(er)把車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度縮短為零(ling)，實(shi)現(xian)了車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“零(ling)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。這種主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)“合二(er)(er)為一(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)，使主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)從車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)和整體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)中相對獨立(li)出來，因(yin)此(ci)可(ke)做成(cheng)“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元(yuan)”，俗稱(cheng)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。機(ji)(ji)(ji)械數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是在(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)將車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)融為一(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，它與(yu)直線電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、高(gao)速刀具(ju)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)一(yi)起(qi)，把高(gao)速加工(gong)推向一(yi)個新時(shi)代。電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是一(yi)套組件(jian)(jian)，它包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)本身及其附(fu)件(jian)(jian)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、油霧(wu)潤滑(hua)器、冷卻裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、內(nei)置(zhi)編碼器、換(huan)刀裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉子直接作為車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)殼體(ti)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)座，并且配合其他(ta)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)，實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)體(ti)化。目前(qian)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)調(diao)速技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)矢量控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速發展和日趨完善，高(gao)速機(ji)(ji)(ji)械數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械結(jie)構(gou)(gou)已得到極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)化，基本上取消了帶輪傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和齒輪傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)由(you)(you)內(nei)裝(zhuang)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)直接驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而(er)(er)把車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度縮短為零(ling)，實(shi)現(xian)了車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“零(ling)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。這種主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)“合二(er)(er)為一(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)，使主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)從車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)和整體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)中相對獨立(li)出來，因(yin)此(ci)可(ke)做成(cheng)“主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)單元(yuan)”，俗稱(cheng)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。由(you)(you)于當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是交流高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，故也稱(cheng)為“高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。由(you)(you)于沒(mei)有中間(jian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環節(jie)，有時(shi)又稱(cheng)它為“直接傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。

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