從(cong)長遠(yuan)看中國鑄造業發展態勢(shi)仍然向好

從長遠看(kan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展態勢很(hen)好，機(ji)(ji)(ji)遇很(hen)多。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)協會(hui)副理事長李永圣對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前景表示了樂(le)觀(guan)。但在(zai)他樂(le)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)態度(du)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也包含著些許憂慮，這(zhe)是因為我們雖已是鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)大(da)(da)國，但還遠未是鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)強(qiang)國。要(yao)改(gai)(gai)變這(zhe)種多而不(bu)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)落(luo)后狀況，一是要(yao)設立鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)入(ru)制(zhi)度(du)，在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規模、環(huan)境保護以(yi)及勞動(dong)保障等方面制(zhi)定必須達到的(de)(de)(de)(de)醉.低條件(jian)（即準(zhun)入(ru)標準(zhun)），限制(zhi)新建不(bu)達標的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，推動(dong)現有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)通過改(gai)(gai)造(zao)達標或重新組合后達標。二是要(yao)大(da)(da)力發(fa)(fa)展鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)，在(zai)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)期(qi)限內，利(li)用(yong)稅收(shou)等優惠政策，繼續扶持鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)加速技術(shu)改(gai)(gai)造(zao)和(he)(he)環(huan)境治理。三是要(yao)鼓勵骨(gu)干鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)出(chu)口通過兼并或聯合，組成一批大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)團，蘇州鋁壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)哪家好，提高工藝和(he)(he)裝備水(shui)平(ping)，擴大(da)(da)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規模，以(yi)帶動(dong)整(zheng)個(ge)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高。 郭樹言會(hui)長表示，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)與(yu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)關系密切，機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展將直接帶動(dong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。尤其(qi)是目前支(zhi)(zhi)撐機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)快速發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個(ge)支(zhi)(zhi)柱產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)--汽車、發(fa)(fa)電設備、機(ji)(ji)(ji)床等與(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關聯度(du)大(da)(da)，帶動(dong)作用(yong)明顯。因此，從長遠看(kan)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展態勢很(hen)好，機(ji)(ji)(ji)遇很(hen)多。

砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種以(yi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)要造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)材料，制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)工藝。砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)重力鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)，有特殊要求時也(ye)可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)低壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)、離(li)心鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)等(deng)(deng)工藝。砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應性(xing)很(hen)廣，小(xiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、大件(jian)(jian)(jian)，簡(jian)單件(jian)(jian)(jian)、復(fu)雜件(jian)(jian)(jian)，蘇州鋁(lv)壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)家，單件(jian)(jian)(jian)、大批(pi)量都可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)。砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)，以(yi)前多(duo)用(yong)(yong)木(mu)材制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)，通稱木(mu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)。旭東(dong)精(jing)密鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)為(wei)改(gai)變木(mu)模(mo)(mo)(mo)易變形、易損壞等(deng)(deng)弊病，除單件(jian)(jian)(jian)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)外，全部改(gai)為(wei)尺寸(cun)(cun)精(jing)度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，鋁(lv)壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，并且使用(yong)(yong)壽命較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋁(lv)合金模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)或(huo)樹(shu)脂模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)。雖然價格(ge)有所提高(gao)，但仍比金屬型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)便(bian)宜得多(duo)，在小(xiao)批(pi)量及大件(jian)(jian)(jian)生產中，價格(ge)i優勢(shi)尤為(wei)突(tu)出。此(ci)外，砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比金屬型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)耐火度(du)更(geng)高(gao)，因而(er)如銅合金和黑色(se)金屬等(deng)(deng)熔(rong)點較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料也(ye)多(duo)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)這種工藝。但是(shi)，砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)也(ye)有一(yi)(yi)些不足之處：因為(wei)每個(ge)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)只能澆(jiao)注一(yi)(yi)次，獲得鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)后鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即損壞，必須(xu)重新造(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，所以(yi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產效(xiao)率(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低；又因為(wei)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)軟而(er)多(duo)孔，所以(yi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)尺寸(cun)(cun)精(jing)度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低，表面也(ye)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粗糙。不過，精(jing)密鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)廠(chang)集(ji)多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)積累，已大大改(gai)善了砂(sha)(sha)(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面狀(zhuang)況，其拋(pao)丸后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果可與金屬型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)媲(pi)美(mei)。

砂型(xing)鑄(zhu)造中所用(yong)的外砂型(xing)按型(xing)砂所用(yong)的粘結(jie)劑及其建(jian)立強度的方式不(bu)同有粘土濕(shi)砂型(xing)：

粘土干砂

制(zhi)造這種砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)用的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)砂(sha)濕態水分略高于濕型(xing)(xing)(xing)用的(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)砂(sha)。砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)制(zhi)好以后，型(xing)(xing)(xing)腔(qiang)表面要(yao)(yao)涂以耐火涂料，蘇州(zhou)鋁壓鑄(zhu)(zhu)供應商，再置于烘(hong)爐中烘(hong)干(gan)，待其冷卻后即可合型(xing)(xing)(xing)和澆(jiao)注(zhu)。烘(hong)干(gan)粘(zhan)土(tu)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)需很長(chang)時間，要(yao)(yao)耗(hao)用大(da)量燃料，而且砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)烘(hong)干(gan)過程(cheng)中易產(chan)生變(bian)形，使(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)精度(du)受到影響。粘(zhan)土(tu)干(gan)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)般用于制(zhi)造鑄(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)和較大(da)的(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵件(jian)。自化(hua)學硬化(hua)砂(sha)得(de)到廣(guang)泛采(cai)用后，干(gan)砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)已趨于淘汰。