擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)基施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰(hui)土擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，環保擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，水泥(ni)土擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，素土擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，夯(hang)擴擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，沉(chen)管擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，強(qiang)夯(hang)地(di)基施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，碎石擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)螺紋樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，鉆孔灌注樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，軟土地(di)基施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，大型廠(chang)房沉(chen)管擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰(hui)土樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，我公司主營：擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)

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樁基定義

由(you)設置于(yu)巖土中(zhong)的(de)樁和(he)與樁頂(ding)聯(lian)結(jie)的(de)承(cheng)臺共同(tong)組成(cheng)的(de)基礎(chu)(chu)或(huo)由(you)柱與樁直(zhi)接聯(lian)結(jie)的(de)單樁基礎(chu)(chu)。

注：很多人認為樁基就是指n根樁的共(gong)同體（忽略承臺），這種理解，明顯是錯誤的。

二、“慣用”的樁(zhuang)基(ji)驗收時(shi)間

由上述(shu)錯誤認知(zhi)導(dao)致的慣用樁基(ji)驗(yan)收(shou)時(shi)間(jian)：樁施工完成、樁基(ji)承載力(li)和樁身(shen)完整性檢(jian)驗(yan)合格。

三、樁基劃分

依據《建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)驗收統一標(biao)準》GB50300-2013，12米沉(chen)管擠密樁(zhuang)施工(gong)(gong)，樁(zhuang)基屬于基礎子分(fen)部中(zhong)的分(fen)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程。分(fen)為：鋼筋混凝土預制(zhi)樁(zhuang)、泥(ni)漿護(hu)壁成(cheng)孔(kong)灌(guan)注(zhu)樁(zhuang)、長(chang)螺旋鉆(zhan)孔(kong)灌(guan)注(zhu)樁(zhuang)、沉(chen)管灌(guan)注(zhu)樁(zhuang)、干(gan)作(zuo)業成(cheng)孔(kong)灌(guan)注(zhu)樁(zhuang)、鋼樁(zhuang)、錨桿靜壓樁(zhuang)。

擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，環保擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，水泥土(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，素(su)土(tu)(tu)擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，夯擴擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，沉管擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，市政沉管擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，強夯地基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，碎石擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)螺紋樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，鉆孔灌注樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，軟土(tu)(tu)地基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰(hui)土(tu)(tu)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我公司主(zhu)營：擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)(ji)(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程

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土木工程的(de)地基(ji)問題，概括起(qi)來有四(si)個方面(mian)。

　1、強度和(he)穩定性問題；

　2、壓(ya)縮(suo)及不(bu)均勻(yun)沉降問題(ti)；

　3、地基的(de)滲(shen)漏量超過允許值，會發生水量損失導致(zhi)發生事故。

　4、、機器以(yi)及(ji)車輛的(de)振動(dong)、波浪(lang)作用和(he)(he)等動(dong)力(li)荷載可能引起地(di)基土(tu)(tu)，特(te)別是飽和(he)(he)無(wu)粘性土(tu)(tu)的(de)液化、失穩和(he)(he)震(zhen)陷等危害。

土木(mu)工程(cheng)的地基問題處理(li)

　地基(ji)處理(li)常采用的方法：

　1、采取(qu)措施使土(tu)中孔隙(xi)減少、土(tu)顆(ke)粒之間靠近，密度加大，土(tu)得承載(zai)力提高(gao)；

　2、在地基(ji)中(zhong)摻加各(ge)種物(wu)料，河南沉管擠密樁施工，通過物(wu)理(li)化(hua)學作用把土顆粒膠結在一起(qi)，使使地基(ji)承(cheng)載力提高，剛度加大、變形(xing)減小。

　砂樁、碎石(shi)樁、水(shui)泥粉煤灰(hui)碎石(shi)樁

　碎石(shi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)和砂樁(zhuang)(zhuang)合稱(cheng)為粗顆粒土樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。是指(zhi)用(yong)振(zhen)動、沖(chong)擊或(huo)振(zhen)動水(shui)沖(chong)等方(fang)式在軟弱地基中成孔(kong)，再將碎石(shi)或(huo)砂擠壓入孔(kong)，形成大直徑的(de)由碎石(shi)或(huo)砂構成的(de)密實(shi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)體，具(ju)有擠密、置換、墊層(ceng)和加(jia)筋等加(jia)固作用(yong)。

　水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)粉煤灰碎(sui)石樁(zhuang)(zhuang)（簡稱CFG）是在碎(sui)石樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)基(ji)礎上加(jia)進(jin)一(yi)些石屑、粉煤灰和少(shao)量水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)，加(jia)水(shui)(shui)拌合制成的(de)具有一(yi)定強度的(de)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)(li)來自樁(zhuang)(zhuang)全長產生的(de)摩阻力(li)(li)及樁(zhuang)(zhuang)端承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)(li)，適(shi)用(yong)于多層和高層建筑(zhu)地基(ji)。

擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰土(tu)擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，環保擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，水泥(ni)土(tu)擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，素(su)土(tu)擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，夯(hang)擴(kuo)擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，沉管擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，強夯(hang)地基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，碎石擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)螺紋樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，鉆孔灌注樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，軟土(tu)地基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，灰土(tu)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，我公司主營：擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，擠(ji)密(mi)(mi)樁(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)

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強(qiang)夯法(fa)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)主要(yao)包括施工(gong)(gong)機具和施工(gong)(gong)要(yao)點。隨著(zhu)(zhu)強(qiang)夯技(ji)術的(de)不斷(duan)發展，施工(gong)(gong)機具由(you)初(chu)期的(de)小型(xing)或自制設(she)(she)備逐步發展到大(da)型(xing)的(de)設(she)(she)備，而且施工(gong)(gong)方法(fa)也逐漸(jian)成(cheng)熟，加(jia)固效果更加(jia)顯著(zhu)(zhu)。

1. 施工機具

1) 履帶(dai)式(shi)吊車。一(yi)般采用15t—50t履帶(dai)式(shi)吊車。

2) 夯錘(chui)。夯錘(chui)質量可取(qu)(qu)10—40t，其底(di)面(mian)形式宜采用圓型。錘(chui)底(di)面(mian)積宜按(an)土的(de)性質確定(ding)，錘(chui)底(di)靜接地壓力值可取(qu)(qu)25—40Kpa，對于細顆粒土錘(chui)底(di)靜壓力宜取(qu)(qu)較小值。錘(chui)的(de)底(di)面(mian)應(ying)對稱設置若干個與其頂面(mian)貫通的(de)排(pai)氣孔，孔徑可取(qu)(qu)250—300mm。

3) 脫(tuo)鉤裝置。采用的自動脫(tuo)鉤裝置，規格以滿足起吊夯錘重量為宜。

4) 推土機。采用70—220型履帶式推土機。

2． 施工要點

1）強夯施(shi)工(gong)前，應查明場地(di)范圍內的地(di)下(xia)構建(jian)物和(he)各(ge)種地(di)下(xia)管線的位置(zhi)和(he)標高等，并(bing)采取必要措施(shi)，以免因強夯施(shi)工(gong)而造(zao)成破壞(huai)。

2) 當強夯施工所產生(sheng)的振動，對鄰(lin)近建筑物(wu)或設備產生(sheng)有害影響時，應采(cai)取防振或隔振措施。

3）平整施工(gong)場地(di)，測量，記(ji)錄場地(di)的高程(cheng)。

4）起重機就位，對準夯點位置，測量，記錄夯前錘(chui)頂高程。