? ???數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)在機(ji)(ji)械加工制(zhi)造領域中的(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)愈來愈普遍(bian)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢(shi)，一方面(mian)是多功能(neng)，另一方面(mian)是簡易好用(yong)的(de)(de)經濟(ji)型(xing)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)，具(ju)備全自(zi)動(dong)生產(chan)加工的(de)(de)基本上(shang)作用(yong)，實(shi)際操作檢修便(bian)捷。經濟(ji)型(xing)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)一般用(yong)的(de)(de)是開環增益(yi)步進自(zi)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，輸出功率步進電機(ji)(ji)為驅動(dong)器元器件(jian)，無檢驗意見反饋組織 ，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)軟件(jian)的(de)(de)定位精，數控(kong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)更(geng)新(xin)改造后生產(chan)加工零件(jian)的(de)(de)度規定。數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)較切實(shi)解決了(le)繁雜、高(gao)、小批量生產(chan)、多種類的(de)(de)零件(jian)加工難(nan)題，是一種柔性的(de)(de)、的(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)化技術數控(kong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)，青(qing)海機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)數控(kong)改造，代(dai)表了(le)當代(dai)數控(kong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)發(fa)展前景。

?數控機床(chuang)程序編制定(ding)義

程序編制的(de)基本概念 ①在普通機(ji)床(chuang)上(shang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)時(shi)，應由工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)員制訂零(ling)(ling)件(jian)的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)規程。在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)規程中規定了所(suo)使用的(de)機(ji)床(chuang)和刀具(ju)，機(ji)床(chuang)數控改(gai)造廠家電話，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)和刀具(ju)的(de)裝(zhuang)夾方法，加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序和尺寸(cun)，切(qie)削參數等內(nei)容，然(ran)后由操作者按工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi) 規程進(jin)行加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

②在(zai)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)零(ling)件時(shi)，要進(jin)行程(cheng)序(xu)編(bian)(bian)制。 程(cheng)序(xu)編(bian)(bian)制定(ding)義，在(zai)工(gong)藝規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)中規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了所使(shi)用的(de)機床(chuang)和(he)刀(dao)具(ju)， 工(gong)件和(he)刀(dao)具(ju)的(de)裝(zhuang)夾方(fang)法， 按零(ling)件尺寸數(shu)(shu)據， 制定(ding)零(ling)件的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)順 序(xu)， 選擇工(gong)藝參數(shu)(shu)(主 運動(dong)(dong)和(he)進(jin)給運動(dong)(dong)速度，普通機床(chuang)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)改造，切削深度等)，選擇輔助操(cao)作(變速、挨刀(dao)、松開等)，用規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)文字、數(shu)(shu)字、符 號組 成(cheng)的(de)代(dai)碼，按標(biao)準(zhun)格(ge)式編(bian)(bian)寫成(cheng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)單，再將程(cheng)序(xu)單輸入到數(shu)(shu)控(kong)裝(zhuang)置，由(you)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)裝(zhuang)置控(kong)制機床(chuang)進(jin)行自(zi)動(dong)(dong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。 從(cong)零(ling)件圖紙(zhi)到編(bian)(bian)制零(ling)件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)和(he)將程(cheng)序(xu)單輸入到數(shu)(shu)控(kong)裝(zhuang)置的(de)全部過程(cheng)，稱為程(cheng)序(xu)編(bian)(bian)制。

數控(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和精度等(deng)內(nei)容(rong)基本選定(ding)后，可(ke)根據此(ci)(ci)來確定(ding)改造(zao)方(fang)案。目前機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)數控(kong)(kong)改造(zao)技(ji)術已經日趨成熟(shu)，機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)數控(kong)(kong)改造(zao)聯系(xi)電(dian)話，化的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)數控(kong)(kong)改造(zao)系(xi)統所(suo)具備的(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和功能(neng)(neng)一般均(jun)能(neng)(neng)滿足車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)常規加(jia)工要求。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，較典型(xing)的(de)(de)車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)數控(kong)(kong)改造(zao)方(fang)案可(ke)選擇為：配(pei)置車(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)數控(kong)(kong)改造(zao)系(xi)統，更換(huan)進(jin)(jin)給運動的(de)(de)滑動絲杠(gang)傳動為滾珠(zhu)絲杠(gang)傳動、采(cai)用步進(jin)(jin)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動進(jin)(jin)給運動、配(pei)置脈沖發生器實現(xian)(xian)螺紋加(jia)工功能(neng)(neng)、配(pei)置自動轉位刀架實現(xian)(xian)自動換(huan)刀功能(neng)(neng)。