頂管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是繼盾構施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之后(hou)而發展起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法，它不(bu)需要(yao)開(kai)挖面(mian)層，并且能夠穿(chuan)越公路、鐵道(dao)(dao)、河(he)川(chuan)、地(di)(di)面(mian)建筑物(wu)、地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)構筑物(wu)以及各種地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)線等。非(fei)開(kai)挖技術(shu)之所以受到越來(lai)越多的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)和重視(shi)，既有其(qi)固有的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)優勢，也有社會(hui)發展帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)巨大渴求，主要(yao)表現在：地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)穿(chuan)越是社會(hui)發展的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然要(yao)求。頂管(guan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)借(jie)助于(yu)主頂油缸及管(guan)道(dao)(dao)間中繼間等的(de)(de)(de)推(tui)力，把(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具管(guan)或掘進機(ji)從(cong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作井內穿(chuan)過土(tu)層一(yi)(yi)直推(tui)到接收井內吊起。與此同(tong)時(shi)，也就把(ba)(ba)緊隨工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具管(guan)或掘進機(ji)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)埋設在兩井之間，以期實(shi)現非(fei)開(kai)挖敷(fu)設地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法。

目前，頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)常(chang)采用(yong)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)分為(wei)敞開人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)手掘式(shi)和密封機(ji)械式(shi)頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)，其中機(ji)械式(shi)頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方法(fa)又有泥水平衡式(shi)和土壓(ya)平衡式(shi)兩(liang)種，頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)管(guan)材有砼(tong)管(guan)、鋼管(guan)、玻璃(li)夾(jia)砂鋼管(guan)。非開挖(wa)技(ji)術是(shi)才開始頻繁使用(yong)的(de)(de)一(yi)個術語，它涉及的(de)(de)是(shi)利用(yong)少(shao)開挖(wa)，即工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)井(jing)與接收井(jing)要(yao)開挖(wa)，以及不(bu)開挖(wa)，即管(guan)道(dao)不(bu)開挖(wa)技(ji)術來(lai)進行(xing)地下管(guan)線的(de)(de)鋪設或更換(huan)，頂(ding)管(guan)直徑DN800—4500。頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備、技(ji)術、管(guan)理水平參(can)差不(bu)齊，在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中常(chang)出現一(yi)些問(wen)題(ti)，影響施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量。頂(ding)管(guan)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時不(bu)用(yong)封路施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，選用(yong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)井(jing)與接受(shou)井(jing)又位于閑置之處，頂(ding)進過程中路上交(jiao)通(tong)照常(chang)通(tong)行(xing)。

我國(guo)人均管(guan)道的(de)占有量遠低于(yu)西方發達國(guo)家， 利用非(fei)開挖水平(ping)定向鉆機的(de)非(fei)開挖技(ji)術之所以(yi)受到越來(lai)越多的(de)應(ying)用和(he)重(zhong)視，既有其固有的(de)技(ji)術優勢，也有社會發展帶(dai)來(lai)的(de)巨(ju)大(da)渴求(qiu)。采用4臺(tai)(tai)200噸(dun)/臺(tai)(tai)千(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)作為(wei)主(zhu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)，千(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)行程為(wei)1.4米。千(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)動力(li)由油泵提供(gong)。千(qian)斤(jin)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)后端用道木和(he)分(fen)壓環(huan)將反力(li)均勻作用于(yu)工作井，前(qian)端頂(ding)(ding)(ding)進分(fen)壓環(huan)，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)管(guan)非(fei)開挖施工報價，頂(ding)(ding)(ding)鐵(tie)將頂(ding)(ding)(ding)力(li)傳至(zhi)管(guan)節(jie)。前(qian)殼體(ti)與前(qian)接管(guan)連(lian)接，后殼體(ti)與后接管(guan)連(lian)接，前(qian)后殼體(ti)間為(wei)承插式(shi)連(lian)接，兩者間依靠橡(xiang)膠(jiao)止水帶(dai)密(mi)封，防(fang)止管(guan)道外水土和(he)漿(jiang)液倒流入管(guan)道內。