數控(kong)機床的(de)產生與(yu)發展(zhan)

隨著社會生(sheng)產和科學技術的(de)(de)(de)迅速發(fa)展(zhan)，機(ji)(ji)械(xie)產品日(ri)趨(qu)精密復雜，且需求頻繁改(gai)型(xing)(xing)，鉆孔動(dong)(dong)力頭(tou)哪家好，特別是在(zai)宇航、造船、等(deng)領域所需的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)零件(jian)，精度(du)要(yao)求高(gao)，廣東動(dong)(dong)力頭(tou)哪家好，形狀(zhuang)復雜，批量(liang)小。加(jia)工(gong)(gong)這(zhe)類產品需要(yao)經常改(gai)裝或調整設備，普通(tong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)或化程(cheng)度(du)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)已不能適應(ying)(ying)這(zhe)些要(yao)求。為了解決上述問題，一種新型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)——數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)應(ying)(ying)運而生(sheng)。這(zhe)種新型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)具(ju)有適應(ying)(ying)性(xing)強、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度(du)高(gao)、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)穩定和生(sheng)產等(deng)優點。它綜合應(ying)(ying)用(yong)了電子(zi)計算機(ji)(ji)、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制、伺(si)服驅動(dong)(dong)、精密測量(liang)和新型(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)結構等(deng)多方面的(de)(de)(de)技術成果，是今(jin)后(hou)數(shu)控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方向。

臥式數控銑床

臥式數(shu)控(kong)銑床的(de)(de)主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)平(ping)行于(yu)水平(ping)面(mian)。為了擴大加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范圍和擴充功(gong)能，小型動力(li)頭哪家好，臥式數(shu)控(kong)銑床通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)采(cai)用增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)數(shu)控(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)或數(shu)控(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)方(fang)式來實現(xian)(xian)(xian)四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和五軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)聯動加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。這樣既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件側面(mian)的(de)(de)連續回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)輪廓，又可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)在一(yi)次裝夾中(zhong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)改變零件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)置也就(jiu)是通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)所說的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)，進行多個位(wei)置或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。臥式數(shu)控(kong)銑床的(de)(de)主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)平(ping)行于(yu)水平(ping)面(mian)。為了擴大加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范圍和擴充功(gong)能，臥式數(shu)控(kong)銑床通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)采(cai)用增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)數(shu)控(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)或數(shu)控(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)方(fang)式來實現(xian)(xian)(xian)四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和五軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)聯動加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。這樣既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件側面(mian)的(de)(de)連續回(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)輪廓，又可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)在一(yi)次裝夾中(zhong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)改變零件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)置也就(jiu)是通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)所說的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)，進行多個位(wei)置或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)面(mian)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

數控銑頭刀具

數控銑床上所(suo)采用的刀具要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)被加工零件的材(cai)料、幾何形狀、表面(mian)質量要(yao)求、熱處理狀態、切(qie)削性能及加工余量等，選擇剛性好、耐用度(du)高的刀具。

（1）銑刀類型選擇：根據被加工零件的(de)幾(ji)何形狀(zhuang)，選擇刀具的(de)類型有：

1） 加工(gong)曲(qu)面類零件時，數控動(dong)力頭哪家好(hao)，為了(le)保證刀具切(qie)削刃(ren)與加工(gong)輪廓(kuo)(kuo)在(zai)切(qie)削點相切(qie)，而(er)避免(mian)刀刃(ren)與工(gong)件輪廓(kuo)(kuo)發(fa)生干涉，一般采用球頭刀，粗(cu)加工(gong)用兩(liang)刃(ren)銑刀，半(ban)精(jing)加工(gong)和(he)精(jing)加工(gong)用四(si)刃(ren)銑刀。

2） 銑(xian)大的(de)平面(mian)時：為了提(ti)高(gao)生產(chan)效率和(he)提(ti)高(gao)加工表面(mian)粗糙(cao)度，一般(ban)采用刀片鑲嵌式盤形(xing)銑(xian)刀。

3） 銑面或臺階面時(shi)一(yi)般采用(yong)通用(yong)銑刀。

4） 銑(xian)(xian)鍵槽(cao)時，為了(le)保證槽(cao)的尺寸精度、一般用兩刃鍵槽(cao)銑(xian)(xian)刀。

5）孔加工時，可采用鉆頭、鏜刀等孔加工類刀具。