前(qian)支(zhi)承(cheng)由雙(shuang)列短圓(yuan)柱(zhu)滾子軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)和(he)60°角(jiao)接觸雙(shuang)列徑向推力(li)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)組成(cheng)，后支(zhi)承(cheng)配有成(cheng)對徑向推力(li)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)。該結(jie)(jie)構大(da)大(da)提高(gao)了(le)主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)整體剛度，能夠(gou)滿足強(qiang)芯片(pian)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)，廣泛應(ying)用于小(xiao)型(xing)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)制造(zao)廠家的(de)(de)各種精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)。下面小(xiao)編為大(da)家介紹一下精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)形式：前(qian)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)采用高(gao)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度雙(shuang)列角(jiao)接觸球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)，后軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)采用單列（或雙(shuang)列）角(jiao)接觸球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)。這種配置具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)性能，但其承(cheng)載能力(li)小(xiao)，因此適用于高(gao)速(su)(su)，輕載和(he)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。雙(shuang)列和(he)單列圓(yuan)錐軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)用于前(qian)后軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)。這種結(jie)(jie)構限制了(le)主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)性和(he)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度，適用于中(zhong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度、低速(su)(su)、重載精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)主軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。采用步進(jin)電機(ji)和(he)單片(pian)機(ji)改造(zao)普通(tong)車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)進(jin)給系(xi)統所形成(cheng)的(de)(de)簡(jian)單精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)成(cheng)本低，但自動化程度和(he)功(gong)能較差(cha)，轉(zhuan)彎精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度不高(gao)。適用于低要求(qiu)的(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)部件(jian)(jian)。根(gen)據車(che)削(xue)要求(qiu)，對精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)進(jin)行了(le)專門設(she)計，并配備了(le)通(tong)用的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統。該數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統功(gong)能強(qiang)大(da)，自動化程度高(gao)，加(jia)工精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度高(gao)。適用于一般回轉(zhuan)類零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)車(che)削(xue)加(jia)工。精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)可以同時控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制兩(liang)個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，即X軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和(he)Z軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。

精(jing)密(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)減輕了工(gong)(gong)(gong)人的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)動強度，提高(gao)了生(sheng)產(chan)效率(lv)及(ji)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中性能(neng)(neng)，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)需(xu)要多(duo)(duo)次進(jin)行(xing)改(gai)型設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)，對于(yu)結(jie)構形(xing)狀復雜且要求加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度的(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)能(neng)(neng)進(jin)行(xing)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。隨(sui)著(zhu)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)(da)與發(fa)展(zhan)通過功能(neng)(neng)復合化(hua)(hua)可以(yi)擴大(da)(da)車(che)床的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)、提高(gao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率(lv)、實現(xian)一(yi)機(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)，一(yi)機(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)能(neng)(neng)，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)與集(ji)(ji)成化(hua)(hua)使(shi)(shi)得精(jing)密(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床成為(wei)(wei)各(ge)國(guo)(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業不(bu)(bu)可或缺的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)設(she)(she)備。科學(xue)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速發(fa)展(zhan)帶動著(zhu)機(ji)(ji)械制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)領域(yu)正發(fa)生(sheng)著(zhu)巨(ju)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)，傳統的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)方式(shi)和(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)已難(nan)滿足產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)、效率(lv)更(geng)高(gao)及(ji)多(duo)(duo)品(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)市場(chang)需(xu)求，特別(bie)是(shi)在(zai)面(mian)對市場(chang)競爭日趨激烈、市場(chang)需(xu)求不(bu)(bu)斷變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，為(wei)(wei)滿足加(jia)(jia)速開發(fa)研制(zhi)(zhi)新產(chan)品(pin)、改(gai)變單(dan)一(yi)不(bu)(bu)變大(da)(da)批量的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)格局，以(yi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)為(wei)(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)展(zhan)現(xian)出(chu)其強大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命力。因此，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)很快就(jiu)從美國(guo)(guo)逐步推廣到歐洲和(he)亞洲等國(guo)(guo)家。近年來，隨(sui)著(zhu)微電子和(he)計算機(ji)(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)飛速發(fa)展(zhan)及(ji)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)跨入一(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)里(li)程(cheng)，并建立起一(yi)種全新的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)模(mo)式(shi)，精(jing)密(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床正朝著(zhu)高(gao)精(jing)度、高(gao)速度、高(gao)自動化(hua)(hua)、高(gao)復合化(hua)(hua)、計算機(ji)(ji)直接數(shu)(shu)字控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)柔(rou)性制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)方面(mian)發(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)日、美、德、意等發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家以(yi)出(chu)現(xian)了以(yi)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床為(wei)(wei)基礎的(de)(de)(de)自動化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)系統，如計算機(ji)(ji)直接數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)系統、柔(rou)性制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)單(dan)元、柔(rou)性制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)系統和(he)計算機(ji)(ji)集(ji)(ji)成制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)系統。

在精(jing)密數(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對象復(fu)雜(za)，特別是(shi)(shi)一些輪廓曲線形狀以及位置有(you)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)，再加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上材料、批量的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難(nan)度。所以在對具(ju)體零(ling)件制(zhi)定(ding)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)時(shi)，應(ying)該行(xing)(xing)具(ju)體分(fen)析和(he)區別對待，靈活處理。這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)才能保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)理性(xing)。從而提高生產(chan)效率(lv)，收(shou)獲到高質量的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)。在編(bian)程(cheng)時(shi)要充(chong)分(fen)考慮兩個層面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，一是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，二是(shi)(shi)參數(shu)，如轉速(su)，進(jin)(jin)給量，切削深度。　　加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)一般為：先(xian)(xian)鉆孔，后平端。這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)可以防止鉆孔時(shi)縮料；先(xian)(xian)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后細加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；先(xian)(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)差(cha)(cha)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)然后加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)差(cha)(cha)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)。　　順(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)一般應(ying)按下列原則進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)：　　1、上道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不能影響(xiang)下道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位與夾緊(jin)，中間穿插有(you)通用車床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)要綜合(he)考慮。　　2、行(xing)(xing)內(nei)(nei)形內(nei)(nei)腔加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，后進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)外(wai)(wai)形加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。　　3、在同(tong)一次(ci)安裝中進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，應(ying)先(xian)(xian)安排(pai)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件剛性(xing)破壞小的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。　　4、以相同(tong)定(ding)位、夾緊(jin)方式或同(tong)一把刀(dao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)應(ying)先(xian)(xian)連(lian)接(jie)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，以減(jian)少重復(fu)定(ding)位次(ci)數(shu)，換刀(dao)次(ci)數(shu)與挪動壓(ya)板(ban)次(ci)數(shu)。　　5、內(nei)(nei)叉對既有(you)內(nei)(nei)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)（內(nei)(nei)型腔），又(you)有(you)外(wai)(wai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)需加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件，安排(pai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)時(shi)，應(ying)行(xing)(xing)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)

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