光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)原理(li)是半(ban)導體的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)效(xiao)應。光(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi)照射到金屬(shu)上時，它(ta)的(de)(de)能(neng)量可(ke)以(yi)被金屬(shu)中(zhong)某個電(dian)子(zi)(zi)全部吸收(shou)，電(dian)子(zi)(zi)吸收(shou)的(de)(de)能(neng)量足夠大，上海光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)站，能(neng)克服金屬(shu)內部引力做功，離開(kai)金屬(shu)表(biao)面(mian)逃逸出來，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)站造價，成(cheng)為(wei)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)。獨立(li)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)也叫離網光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)發電(dian)。主要(yao)由(you)太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)組件、控制器、蓄電(dian)池(chi)組成(cheng)，若要(yao)為(wei)交(jiao)流負(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)站驗收(shou)，還需(xu)要(yao)配置交(jiao)流逆變器。在屋頂上鋪設光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池(chi)板具有(you)隔(ge)熱(re)效(xiao)果，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)站為(wei)企(qi)業屋面(mian)建立(li)了(le)(le)保(bao)溫層，改(gai)善了(le)(le)屋面(mian)的(de)(de)保(bao)溫條件，增加了(le)(le)中(zhong)間空(kong)氣循環，減少(shao)了(le)(le)直射陽光(guang)(guang)，有(you)效(xiao)地降低(di)了(le)(le)屋頂地板的(de)(de)3~5度溫度，不(bu)僅降低(di)了(le)(le)能(neng)耗，而且降低(di)了(le)(le)工(gong)廠內部溫度，改(gai)善了(le)(le)工(gong)人的(de)(de)工(gong)作環境，降低(di)了(le)(le)夏季降溫成(cheng)本。

太陽(yang)能發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)建設(she)周期短，漂浮式光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，長(chang)期收益(yi)高(gao)，可以(yi)穩(wen)定運行(xing)25年以(yi)上(shang)，從而給(gei)企(qi)業帶來長(chang)期穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)收益(yi)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)已成(cheng)(cheng)為企(qi)業在(zai)新時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)標準配(pei)置。并網(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有集(ji)中式大型(xing)并網(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)一般(ban)都(dou)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，主要(yao)(yao)特點是將所(suo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能直接輸送到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)統(tong)一調配(pei)向(xiang)用(yong)(yong)戶供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。分(fen)(fen)布式光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，又稱(cheng)分(fen)(fen)散式發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)(huo)分(fen)(fen)布式供(gong)能，是指在(zai)用(yong)(yong)戶現場或(huo)(huo)靠(kao)近用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現場配(pei)置較小的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，以(yi)滿(man)足特定用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)需求，支持現存配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)經濟運行(xing)，或(huo)(huo)者同(tong)時(shi)滿(man)足這兩個方面的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)與傳(chuan)統(tong)水處(chu)理市(shi)政設(she)施相結合(he)，通過(guo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)水務模式，能夠有效降(jiang)低水處(chu)理成(cheng)(cheng)本和(he)單(dan)位水處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)排放。再如光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)農(nong)業科技大棚，棚頂安裝光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或(huo)(huo)集(ji)熱(re)器(qi)，柔性透光(guang)(guang)(guang)，適(shi)合(he)于某些農(nong)作物和(he)經濟作物生長(chang)，也(ye)能實現工業化和(he)土地的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)產出。

光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應就是(shi)光(guang)照使不均勻半導體(ti)(ti)或半導體(ti)(ti)與金屬結合(he)的(de)不同部位(wei)之間(jian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差的(de)現象。它首(shou)先是(shi)由光(guang)子(光(guang)波(bo))轉化(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、光(guang)能(neng)量(liang)轉化(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)的(de)過(guo)程；其次，是(shi)形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過(guo)程。光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)件陣列(lie)將(jiang)(jiang)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)轉換(huan)輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，經過(guo)直流(liu)匯(hui)流(liu)箱集中(zhong)送(song)入直流(liu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜，由并(bing)網逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)成交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)給建筑自身負載，多余或不足(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力通過(guo)聯(lian)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網來調節。光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統是(shi)根據光(guang)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)伏(fu)打(da)效(xiao)應原理將(jiang)(jiang)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)轉換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，無輻(fu)射，逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)柜等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子器(qi)件都通過(guo) EMC（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容性）測試，所(suo)以對(dui)人體(ti)(ti)沒(mei)有危害。