太(tai)陽(yang)能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)分為光熱發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。現時期進入商業化的太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，指的就是(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)就是(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能組件產生的直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)經(jing)過(guo)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)逆變(bian)器轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)符合市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)要求(qiu)的交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)這后直接接入公共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。并(bing)網(wang)(wang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)有集中(zhong)式(shi)大(da)型(xing)并(bing)網(wang)(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站一般都(dou)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站，主要特點是(shi)將所發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能直接輸送到電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)統(tong)一調配(pei)向用戶(hu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

制造電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時p-n結(jie)(jie)被賦予了(le)恒定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物理特性，當(dang)陽光投(tou)射到太(tai)(tai)陽池(chi)(chi)內保持松散狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子時，這些靠近(jin)p-n結(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子將朝向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表層流動，用金屬導線將太(tai)(tai)陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)負極與負載(zai)相連時，在外電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)路形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)就(jiu)是利用晶體，具(ju)有光-電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)特性的(de)(de)(de)(de)半導體內就(jiu)會(hui)產生(sheng)自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站，這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷定(ding)向(xiang)移動并積累，從而在導體兩端(duan)形(xing)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，當(dang)導體兩端(duan)閉合時便會(hui)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流。

適合一般家(jia)庭使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)系統(tong)價(jia)格(ge)為3萬元左右(you)，壽(shou)命長(chang)達25年(nian)。按(an)照國(guo)(guo)家(jia)規定的(de)(de)補貼(tie)，采用(yong)(yong)分(fen)布(bu)式光(guang)伏(fu)戶(hu)用(yong)(yong)系統(tong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)除(chu)自發(fa)自用(yong)(yong)那部(bu)分(fen)，可將(jiang)富余電(dian)(dian)力以每度0。84元的(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)賣給電(dian)(dian)網公司。以此計算(suan)，用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)8年(nian)便(bian)可收(shou)回購買成本。隨著今年(nian)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)大力的(de)(de)補貼(tie)，國(guo)(guo)民環保意識的(de)(de)上升。光(guang)伏(fu)行業(ye)發(fa)展迅速。尤(you)其是(shi)分(fen)布(bu)式光(guang)伏(fu)的(de)(de)安裝企(qi)業(ye)更是(shi)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多，普(pu)通城(cheng)市光(guang)伏(fu)安裝企(qi)業(ye)從3-5家(jia)開始(shi)增加(jia)到十幾家(jia)，而且(qie)以不斷增加(jia)的(de)(de)趨勢(shi)。