一(yi)(yi)、普通(tong)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)安裝(zhuang)得(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)或(huo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)低過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)，則(ze)吃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)到(dao)一(yi)(yi)定深度(du)時(shi)(shi)，車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)后刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)面頂(ding)(ding)住工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，增(zeng)大(da)摩擦力(li)，甚(shen)至把工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)頂(ding)(ding)彎(wan)，造成啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)現(xian)象；過(guo)(guo)(guo)低，則(ze)切(qie)屑不易排出(chu)(chu)，車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)徑(jing)向力(li)的(de)(de)(de)方向是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)心，加(jia)上橫進絲(si)杠與(yu)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)母間隙過(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)，致使吃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)深度(du)不斷自動(dong)(dong)趨向加(jia)深，從而(er)把工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)起，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。此時(shi)(shi)，應及時(shi)(shi)調(diao)整(zheng)車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)度(du)，使其刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)尖與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)軸線等高(gao)(gao)（可利用尾座對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)）。在(zai)粗車(che)和半精車(che)時(shi)(shi)，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)尖位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)比(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)中(zhong)心高(gao)(gao)1％D左右(you)（D表示被(bei)(bei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)直(zhi)徑(jing)）。工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)不牢工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本身的(de)(de)(de)剛性不能承(cheng)受車(che)削時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)切(qie)削力(li)，因而(er)產生過(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)撓(nao)度(du)，改變了車(che)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心高(gao)(gao)度(du)（工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被(bei)(bei)抬(tai)高(gao)(gao)了），形(xing)成切(qie)削深度(du)突增(zeng)，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)啃刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，此時(shi)(shi)應把工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)牢固，可使用尾座等，以增(zeng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)剛性。普通(tong)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)方法(fa)有試切(qie)法(fa)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀自動(dong)(dong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，可以直(zhi)接用刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)試切(qie)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，也可以用G50設(she)置(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)零點(dian)，用工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)移設(she)置(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)零點(dian)進行對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)要求不是(shi)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)，特別(bie)是(shi)Z向對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)沒(mei)有嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制，可以根據編(bian)程(cheng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要求而(er)定。二、普通(tong)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸分析1、螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)直(zhi)徑(jing)考慮螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)牙(ya)(ya)型的(de)(de)(de)膨脹量(liang)，螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)直(zhi)徑(jing)D／D－0.1P，即(ji)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)大(da)徑(jing)減0.1螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)距，一(yi)(yi)般根據材(cai)料變形(xing)能力(li)小取比(bi)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)大(da)徑(jing)小0.1到(dao)0.5。2、螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)進刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)進刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)可以參考螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)底(di)徑(jing)，即(ji)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)終進刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)。螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)小徑(jing)為：大(da)徑(jing)－2倍牙(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)；牙(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)＝0.54P（P為螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)距）螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)進刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)應不斷減少，具(ju)體進刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)量(liang)根據刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)材(cai)料進行選擇(ze)。

在(zai)(zai)車銑復合數控機床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對(dui)象(xiang)復雜(za)，特別是(shi)(shi)一些輪廓曲線(xian)形狀以(yi)及位(wei)置有變化的(de)(de)，再加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)材料(liao)、批(pi)量的(de)(de)不同增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)了加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度(du)。所以(yi)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)具體零件(jian)制(zhi)定加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)時，應(ying)該行(xing)具體分(fen)析和(he)區(qu)別對(dui)待，靈活處理(li)(li)。這(zhe)樣才能保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)和(he)理(li)(li)性(xing)。從而提高生產效(xiao)率(lv)，收獲到(dao)高質量的(de)(de)產品。在(zai)(zai)編程時要(yao)充分(fen)考慮(lv)兩個層面(mian)的(de)(de)問題，一是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)，二是(shi)(shi)參(can)數，如(ru)轉速，進(jin)(jin)(jin)給量，切削深度(du)。　　加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)一般為(wei)：先(xian)(xian)(xian)鉆孔，后(hou)(hou)(hou)平端。這(zhe)樣可以(yi)防止鉆孔時縮(suo)料(liao)；先(xian)(xian)(xian)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)細加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；先(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)差大(da)的(de)(de)然后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公(gong)(gong)差小(xiao)的(de)(de)。　　順(shun)(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)一般應(ying)按(an)下列原則進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)：　　1、上(shang)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不能影(ying)響下道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)定位(wei)與夾(jia)緊，中(zhong)(zhong)間穿插有通用車床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)也要(yao)綜(zong)合考慮(lv)。　　2、行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)形內(nei)(nei)(nei)腔(qiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)外(wai)(wai)形加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)。　　3、在(zai)(zai)同一次(ci)安裝中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)，應(ying)先(xian)(xian)(xian)安排對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)剛性(xing)破壞小(xiao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)。　　4、以(yi)相同定位(wei)、夾(jia)緊方(fang)式或同一把刀(dao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)應(ying)先(xian)(xian)(xian)連接(jie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)，以(yi)減少(shao)重復定位(wei)次(ci)數，換刀(dao)次(ci)數與挪動壓板次(ci)數。　　5、內(nei)(nei)(nei)叉對(dui)既(ji)有內(nei)(nei)(nei)表面(mian)（內(nei)(nei)(nei)型腔(qiang)），又有外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)需(xu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)零件(jian)，安排加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)時，應(ying)行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)

車床(chuang)(chuang)附件(jian)(jian)(jian)是用(yong)(yong)來支撐、裝(zhuang)夾工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置，通(tong)常稱為車床(chuang)(chuang)夾具(ju)(ju)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)車床(chuang)(chuang)夾具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術經濟效果(guo)十分顯著，其作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)歸納如(ru)下：1、可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)擴大車床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)范圍。由于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)很多，而車床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種類(lei)和(he)臺數有限(xian)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)不同夾具(ju)(ju)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)實現一(yi)(yi)機多能，提(ti)高車床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)率。2、可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)量穩定(ding)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)夾具(ju)(ju)后(hou)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)各個表面的(de)(de)(de)(de)相互位(wei)置由夾具(ju)(ju)保證，比劃線找正所達到的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度高，而且能使(shi)同一(yi)(yi)批1件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位(wei)精(jing)度、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度基本一(yi)(yi)致，因(yin)此(ci)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)互換性高。3、提(ti)高生產率，降低(di)成(cheng)本。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)夾具(ju)(ju)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以簡化工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，從而可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)減(jian)少安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助時(shi)間(jian)，同時(shi)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)夾具(ju)(ju)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)安(an)裝(zhuang)穩定(ding)，提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)加(jia)(jia)大切削(xue)用(yong)(yong)量，減(jian)少機動(dong)時(shi)間(jian)，提(ti)高生產率。4、改(gai)善(shan)勞動(dong)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。用(yong)(yong)夾具(ju)(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，方便、省(sheng)力、安(an)全(quan)，不僅改(gai)善(shan)了(le)(le)勞動(dong)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，而且降低(di)了(le)(le)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人技(ji)術水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。

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