零(ling)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)裝配(pei)過程中所(suo)使用的基(ji)(ji)(ji)準，稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)藝基(ji)(ji)(ji)準。工(gong)(gong)藝基(ji)(ji)(ji)準按用途不(bu)同(tong)，機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)價格(ge)，又分為定位基(ji)(ji)(ji)準、測量基(ji)(ji)(ji)準和(he)裝配(pei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)準。定位基(ji)(ji)(ji)準：天津機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時使工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)機(ji)床或夾具中占據(ju)正確位置(zhi)所(suo)用的基(ji)(ji)(ji)準，稱(cheng)為定位基(ji)(ji)(ji)準。機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的精(jing)度(du)(du)，主(zhu)要是體現(xian)在(zai)以下(xia)這幾個方(fang)面(mian)，為尺寸精(jing)度(du)(du)、幾何形狀(zhuang)精(jing)度(du)(du)和(he)相互位置(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)，其(qi)中幾何形狀(zhuang)精(jing)度(du)(du)包(bao)括圓度(du)(du)、直線度(du)(du)以及平面(mian)度(du)(du)等(deng)，相互位置(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)包(bao)括平行度(du)(du)、垂直度(du)(du)以及同(tong)軸(zhou)度(du)(du)等(deng)。精(jing)密零(ling)部件(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的定義是，按步(bu)驟，按工(gong)(gong)序完(wan)成各主(zhu)要表面(mian)的終加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，包(bao)括工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)平行度(du)(du)，表面(mian)光潔度(du)(du)，表面(mian)垂直度(du)(du)，表面(mian)硬度(du)(du)等(deng)等(deng)，使零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)和(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)表面(mian)質量達到圖樣規定的要求的過程。

在(zai)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)領(ling)域中，在(zai)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)零(ling)件加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)之前(qian)需(xu)要了(le)解材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密度，如果(guo)(guo)密度太大(da)，那么其對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度也就(jiu)越(yue)大(da)，如果(guo)(guo)硬(ying)(ying)度超(chao)過了(le)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度，就(jiu)沒法實(shi)施加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，如果(guo)(guo)遇到(dao)這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況還是(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)，不僅會(hui)損(sun)壞零(ling)件，還會(hui)造成其他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危險，機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)報(bao)價(jia)，比方說崩(beng)刀、損(sun)壞機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)等，因此(ci)，機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)領(ling)域中，合肥(fei)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)材(cai)質應該要低于刀具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)度，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)才適合做精密機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)。為提(ti)高工(gong)件質量和(he)延長(chang)使用壽命，需(xu)去除(chu)所有(you)金(jin)屬(shu)精密件上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛刺。工(gong)件表面、銳角和(he)棱邊必須達到(dao)極高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)潔(jie)凈度，必要時，必須適用于非(fei)電鍍(du)和(he)電鍍(du)金(jin)屬(shu)。通(tong)過刀具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動和(he)工(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)向運動，銑床(chuang)完成了(le)金(jin)屬(shu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成形。顯然，銑床(chuang)在(zai)機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)位非(fei)常(chang)重要。

機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是一(yi)種用加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)外形尺寸或性能進(jin)(jin)行改(gai)(gai)變的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。按(an)(an)被加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)處于的(de)(de)溫度(du)狀態﹐分為冷加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和熱加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。精密零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)定(ding)義是，按(an)(an)步驟(zou)，按(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)完成各主要(yao)(yao)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)終(zhong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，包括(kuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)平行度(du)，機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)精密加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)，表(biao)面(mian)光潔度(du)，表(biao)面(mian)垂直度(du)，表(biao)面(mian)硬度(du)等等，使(shi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)和加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)面(mian)質量達到圖樣規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是通過(guo)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)設備(bei)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)外形尺寸或性能進(jin)(jin)行改(gai)(gai)變的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)，機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對現代(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)生產起到了非常(chang)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)作用。