零(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表面(mian)(mian)上，不(bu)應(ying)有(you)劃痕、擦傷等損傷零(ling)件(jian)表面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)缺陷(xian)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)螺紋表面(mian)(mian)不(bu)允許有(you)黑(hei)皮、磕(ke)碰、亂扣和(he)毛刺(ci)等缺陷(xian)。 所(suo)(suo)有(you)需要進行涂(tu)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)鋼鐵制件(jian)表面(mian)(mian)在(zai)涂(tu)漆前(qian)，必(bi)須(xu)將鐵銹、氧化(hua)皮、油脂、灰塵、泥土、鹽(yan)和(he)污物等除(chu)去。零(ling)件(jian)在(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)裝(zhuang)配過程中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)使(shi)用的(de)(de)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)按用途不(bu)同，機(ji)(ji)械(xie)精(jing)密(mi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，又(you)分為定(ding)位(wei)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)、測量(liang)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)裝(zhuang)配基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)。定(ding)位(wei)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)：天津機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)使(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)機(ji)(ji)床或(huo)夾具中(zhong)占據(ju)正確位(wei)置所(suo)(suo)用的(de)(de)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，稱(cheng)為定(ding)位(wei)基(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)。為提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)質量(liang)和(he)延長使(shi)用壽命，需去除(chu)所(suo)(suo)有(you)金屬精(jing)密(mi)件(jian)上的(de)(de)毛刺(ci)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表面(mian)(mian)、銳(rui)角和(he)棱邊必(bi)須(xu)達到極(ji)高(gao)的(de)(de)金屬潔凈(jing)度，必(bi)要時(shi)，大型機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必(bi)須(xu)適(shi)用于非電鍍(du)和(he)電鍍(du)金屬。

加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)需要的(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)由數顯(xian)銑(xian)床(chuang)、數顯(xian)成型(xing)磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)、數顯(xian)車床(chuang)、電火花機(ji)(ji)(ji)、磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)、激光焊(han)接(jie)、中(zhong)走絲(si)、快走絲(si)、慢(man)走絲(si)、外圓磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)、內圓磨(mo)(mo)床(chuang)、精(jing)(jing)密(mi)車床(chuang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，可進(jin)行精(jing)(jing)密(mi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)車、銑(xian)、刨、磨(mo)(mo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)， 此(ci)類機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)擅長精(jing)(jing)密(mi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)車、銑(xian)、刨、磨(mo)(mo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，可以(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)各種不(bu)規則形狀零(ling)件(jian)(jian)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)精(jing)(jing)度可達(da)2μm。機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)廠工(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)又可分為(wei)(wei)鑄(zhu)造(zao)、鍛(duan)造(zao)、沖壓、焊(han)接(jie)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)、裝配等(deng)(deng)(deng)工(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)一般是(shi)指零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)和(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)的(de)裝配工(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)總和(he)，其(qi)(qi)他過(guo)程(cheng)則稱為(wei)(wei)輔助過(guo)程(cheng)，合肥機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，例如運(yun)輸、保管、動力(li)供(gong)應(ying)、設(she)備維修等(deng)(deng)(deng)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)的(de)設(she)計(ji)基準(zhun)和(he)工(gong)藝基準(zhun)是(shi)不(bu)一樣的(de)。設(she)計(ji)基準(zhun)，其(qi)(qi)是(shi)指在零(ling)件(jian)(jian)圖上用來確(que)定其(qi)(qi)它點(dian)、線和(he)面位置(zhi)的(de)基準(zhun)。

機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)以后的(de)(de)(de)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)放在(zai)含(han)有磨(mo)塊或者是磨(mo)劑的(de)(de)(de)滾筒當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)里(li)面(mian)(mian)會(hui)進(jin)行復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，精(jing)(jing)密機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)廠家，而運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)產生壓(ya)(ya)力，產生壓(ya)(ya)力會(hui)出現(xian)碰撞和(he)(he)滾壓(ya)(ya)，這樣(yang)就會(hui)讓(rang)零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)起到輕(qing)微磨(mo)削的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)，自(zi)然(ran)也(ye)就能夠實(shi)(shi)現(xian)讓(rang)它的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)慢(man)慢(man)被細化(hua)，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)也(ye)會(hui)因此變(bian)得光(guang)整很多(duo)。零(ling)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)加(jia)工(gong)和(he)(he)裝(zhuang)配過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，稱(cheng)為(wei)工(gong)藝(yi)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)。工(gong)藝(yi)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)按(an)用途(tu)不同(tong)(tong)，又分(fen)為(wei)定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)、測量基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)(he)裝(zhuang)配基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)。定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)：天津機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)時使(shi)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)在(zai)機(ji)床或夾具中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占據正(zheng)確位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)所用的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)，稱(cheng)為(wei)定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)(zhun)。機(ji)械(xie)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)點、線、面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)與理想位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)符合程(cheng)度(du)。評定位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)精(jing)(jing)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)項目(mu)(mu)按(an)GB/T1182—1996規(gui)定，有平行度(du)、垂直(zhi)度(du)、傾斜度(du)、同(tong)(tong)軸(zhou)度(du)、對稱(cheng)度(du)、位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)度(du)、圓(yuan)跳動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)全跳動(dong)(dong)等8項。位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)精(jing)(jing)度(du)是用位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)誤(wu)差(cha)(cha)來控制的(de)(de)(de)，各項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)公差(cha)(cha)分(fen)為(wei)12個(ge)精(jing)(jing)度(du)等級。