基坑支護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)灌(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)樁支護(hu)具有(you)顯著的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)優勢，并在眾多(duo)(duo)實(shi)際案(an)例中(zhong)得到了(le)(le)廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。灌(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)樁施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)優勢主要(yao)體現在其高承(cheng)載能力和良(liang)好的(de)(de)沉(chen)降控制上。由于灌(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)樁基于深(shen)入地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)混凝土(tu)柱體提(ti)供支撐力量，因(yin)此能夠(gou)承(cheng)受(shou)較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)垂直和水平荷載；同時這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)深(shen)基礎設(she)(she)計(ji)也有(you)助于減少地(di)(di)基的(de)(de)沉(chen)降變形，確保(bao)(bao)建筑(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)與安全(quan)性(xing)。此外，鉆孔灌(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)樁適(shi)應(ying)(ying)性(xing)強(qiang)、可用(yong)于多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)地(di)(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件（如軟粘土(tu)質(zhi)地(di)(di)區(qu)和砂土(tu)地(di)(di)區(qu)），且施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)噪音相對較(jiao)小，對周圍環境的(de)(de)影響(xiang)有(you)限。這(zhe)(zhe)些特性(xing)使得鉆孔灌(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)樁成為(wei)排(pai)樁式中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)形式之一(yi)，多(duo)(duo)用(yong)于坑深(shen)7﹨~15m的(de)(de)基坑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。在實(shi)際應(ying)(ying)用(yong)中(zhong)，許多(duo)(duo)大(da)(da)型建設(she)(she)項目采用(yong)了(le)(le)灌(guan)漿(jiang)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)作為(wei)主要(yao)的(de)(de)或輔助性(xing)的(de)(de)圍擋結(jie)構方法：例如北京銀泰中(zhong)心深(shen)基坑開挖時使用(yong)了(le)(le)“土(tu)釘(ding)墻+灌(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)樁＋兩層錨(mao)桿”的(de)(de)綜合(he)設(she)(she)計(ji)方案(an)來有(you)效抵御周圍復雜(za)環境帶來的(de)(de)壓(ya)力并保(bao)(bao)持(chi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)現場的(de)(de)安全(quan)穩定(ding)；國家大(da)(da)劇院這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)超大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)項目的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)室挖掘階段同樣結(jie)合(he)了(le)(le)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)連續墻的(de)(de)堅固性(xing)和多(duo)(duo)道(dao)隔水帷幕的(de)(de)有(you)效性(xing)以及使用(yong)了(le)(le)包(bao)括鉆孔灌(guan)注(zhu)(zhu)樁在內的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)重保(bao)(bao)護(hu)手段以確保(bao)(bao)整(zheng)個施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)萬無一(yi)失并滿足(zu)嚴格的(de)(de)建筑(zhu)規(gui)范標準(zhun)要(yao)求等等。上述案(an)例展(zhan)示了(le)(le)在復雜(za)多(duo)(duo)變的(de)(de)城市環境中(zhong)如何靈(ling)活運(yun)用(yong)不同技術手段實(shi)現安全(quan)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)(she)目標。

**創新(xin)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，筑(zhu)(zhu)就未(wei)來安全建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)**隨著城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)化(hua)進程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)加(jia)快(kuai)，高層建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)地下(xia)(xia)空間開發(fa)需(xu)求激增，基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)安全性(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革新(xin)成為現代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)領域的(de)(de)課題(ti)。傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)已難(nan)以應(ying)對復雜地質條件(jian)、密集城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)環境及綠色建(jian)造要求，以智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)、裝配化(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)化(hua)為導(dao)(dao)向的(de)(de)創新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)正(zheng)推(tui)動(dong)行業邁向新(xin)高度。**智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)監測(ce)，掌控(kong)安全風(feng)險(xian)(xian)**物(wu)聯(lian)網與(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)深(shen)度融合，東(dong)莞基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，為基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護裝上了“智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧大(da)腦”。通(tong)過(guo)植入高精度傳(chuan)感器，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可(ke)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)監測(ce)土體(ti)(ti)位移、支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐結(jie)構應(ying)力、地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)位等關(guan)鍵參數，結(jie)合BIM建(jian)模與(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)數據分析，實(shi)現風(feng)險(xian)(xian)預警(jing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)動(dong)態(tai)(tai)(tai)調控(kong)。例如，深(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護每平米多少錢，某超(chao)深(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)項目中(zhong)，智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)監測(ce)平臺提前(qian)48小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)預警(jing)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護變形趨勢，指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方調整方案，基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，成功規避(bi)坍塌風(feng)險(xian)(xian)。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)讓“被動(dong)搶險(xian)(xian)”轉向“主(zhu)動(dong)防控(kong)”，大(da)幅提升工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安全系(xi)(xi)數。**裝配式(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護，低碳雙贏(ying)**模塊(kuai)化(hua)鋼(gang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐、可(ke)回收預應(ying)力錨索等裝配式(shi)(shi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)顛覆了傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)現澆工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。標準化(hua)構件(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠預制(zhi)、現場快(kuai)速拼(pin)裝，工(gong)(gong)(gong)期縮短30%以上，同時(shi)(shi)減(jian)少現場建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)垃圾80%。上海某地鐵樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)采用(yong)預制(zhi)鋼(gang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，不僅實(shi)現支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護結(jie)構與(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)同步施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，更(geng)通(tong)過(guo)構件(jian)循環使用(yong)降低碳排放(fang)。這(zhe)種“搭(da)積木”模式(shi)(shi)既提升效率，又契合可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)理(li)念。**綠色支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，守護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)平衡(heng)**生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)混凝土、植物(wu)根系(xi)(xi)加(jia)固等新(xin)型材料(liao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)，將(jiang)環境友好融入支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)混凝土兼(jian)具透水(shui)性(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)抗壓(ya)強度，既能(neng)(neng)穩固邊坡，又為植被生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長提供空間；植物(wu)根系(xi)(xi)加(jia)固技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)通(tong)過(guo)種植特(te)定灌(guan)木，利用(yong)根系(xi)(xi)網絡增強土體(ti)(ti)穩定性(xing)。深(shen)圳某濱海項目采用(yong)“支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護-綠化(hua)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)”設(she)計(ji)，在完成基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護的(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)形成立體(ti)(ti)綠化(hua)帶，實(shi)現工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安全與(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)效益(yi)的(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)。未(wei)來，隨著數字孿(luan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、3D打印等技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護將(jiang)邁向更(geng)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)、更(geng)綠色的(de)(de)新(xin)階段。技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)不僅是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)安全的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)石，鋼(gang)板樁基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，更(geng)是(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵引擎。以科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)賦能(neng)(neng)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法(fa)，方能(neng)(neng)構筑(zhu)(zhu)起守護城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)堅實(shi)屏(ping)障(zhang)。

基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑支護(hu)工(gong)程中(zhong)的(de)預應(ying)力(li)(li)錨(mao)桿(gan)(gan)支護(hu)技(ji)術(shu)，是土(tu)木(mu)工(gong)程領域的(de)一項前沿(yan)技(ji)術(shu)。它通(tong)過(guo)在(zai)巖(yan)土(tu)體內(nei)設置預應(ying)力(li)(li)錨(mao)桿(gan)(gan)來增強(qiang)結構(gou)的(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)承載能(neng)力(li)(li)，具有顯著的(de)技(ji)術(shu)優勢和(he)(he)應(ying)用(yong)前景。該(gai)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)原理(li)是將巖(yan)土(tu)體的(de)自重和(he)(he)外(wai)荷(he)載通(tong)過(guo)預設的(de)錨(mao)桿(gan)(gan)傳遞到(dao)穩定(ding)的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)巖(yan)層或地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)，從而達到(dao)支撐(cheng)和(he)(he)固定(ding)的(de)目(mu)的(de)。在(zai)施加(jia)初始拉(la)力(li)(li)后(hou)，預應(ying)力(li)(li)錨(mao)桿(gan)(gan)能(neng)夠約束(shu)邊壁變形(xing)、提高整體穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)并有效控制位移量，特別適用(yong)于復(fu)雜地(di)質條件和(he)(he)嚴格要(yao)求變形(xing)的(de)深基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑工(gong)程項目(mu)。此外(wai)，其結構(gou)相對簡(jian)單且施工(gong)簡(jian)便的(de)特點使(shi)得(de)(de)該(gai)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)各類(lei)工(gong)程中(zhong)得(de)(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)和(he)(he)推廣優化：如采用(yong)鋼絞線(xian)等(deng)(deng)材(cai)料提升錨(mao)固性(xing)(xing)能(neng)；注漿工(gong)藝的(de)改進(jin)(jin)增強(qiang)了(le)(le)粘結強(qiang)度與耐久性(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)措施均進(jin)(jin)一步提高了(le)(le)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)效果(guo)及經濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)指標(biao)水(shui)平。近年來國內(nei)外(wai)學者對這項技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)(jin)行了(le)(le)深入研究探討與交流合作推動(dong)了(le)(le)相關標(biao)準規范不斷(duan)完善健全以(yi)及新(xin)型號針對性(xing)(xing)更(geng)強(qiang)產品(pin)不斷(duan)涌現出來為行業技(ji)術(shu)進(jin)(jin)步提供了(le)(le)有力(li)(li)支持保障(zhang)同時也促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)其在(zai)更(geng)多領域內(nei)實(shi)現更(geng)加(jia)廣泛深入的(de)應(ying)用(yong)發展，例如橋梁(liang)邊坡(po)加(jia)固、隧道襯砌防護(hu)等(deng)(deng)領域也開始大量使(shi)用(yong)這種率(lv)低成本(ben)環(huan)保型技(ji)術(shu)手段來解決(jue)實(shi)際問題(ti)滿足多樣化需(xu)求場景挑戰任務要(yao)求了(le)(le)新(xin)高度和(he)(he)新(xin)層次上(shang)拓展延(yan)伸出來了(le)(le)廣闊空間和(he)(he)發展機遇期！