礦井充(chong)填站(zhan)是行業必備的(de)基本(ben)配(pei)置(zhi)，使用礦井充(chong)填站(zhan)及時(shi)進行填充(chong)是目前為止(zhi)為科學(xue)的(de)一種(zhong)開采(cai)方式。這樣就會避免過度開采(cai)導致的(de)地表塌陷等問(wen)題。

充(chong)(chong)填(tian)站設置料倉或(huo)堆(dui)場(chang)，采用振動(dong)放料形式，通過皮帶(dai)傳送(song)至(zhi)攪拌(ban)桶制(zhi)漿。分級尾砂攪拌(ban)相對簡單(dan)，全尾砂充(chong)(chong)填(tian)為避免細(xi)粒部(bu)分絮凝(ning)結團，煤(mei)礦(kuang)充(chong)(chong)填(tian)管道(dao)輸送(song)的技術(shu)應用，需要(yao)采用強(qiang)力活化攪拌(ban)技術(shu)。 煤(mei)礦(kuang)充(chong)(chong)填(tian)目前使用的充(chong)(chong)填(tian)料主(zhu)要(yao)是破碎煤(mei)矸石和粉煤(mei)灰。

我國礦山充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)技術的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)大致經歷了四(si)個階段(duan)：50年(nian)代為廢石干式(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)的(de)全盛(sheng)時期；60年(nian)代發(fa)展(zhan)應用分(fen)級(ji)尾砂水(shui)力(li)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)、碎(sui)石水(shui)力(li)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)和混凝土膠結(jie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)階段(duan)。一方(fang)面(mian)通過(guo)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)材料和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)體(ti)物理力(li)學性質(zhi)的(de)認識，研究開發(fa)來源廣泛、成本低廉(lian)、便于制(zhi)漿和輸送(song)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)體(ti)強度高的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)材料；另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)，通過(guo)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)體(ti)力(li)學作用機理的(de)探討(tao)，什么是(shi)礦山充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)，結(jie)合(he)(he)作業要(yao)求(qiu)，研究新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)工藝和方(fang)式(shi)。在此基(ji)礎上，結(jie)合(he)(he)現代礦山充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)技術發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)趨勢，新(xin)(xin)(xin)疆充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)，逐漸(jian)形成了似膏體(ti)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)思想(xiang)，研究了一種新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)技術—似膏體(ti)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)填(tian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)技術。

充填(tian)(tian)系統是將充填(tian)(tian)料(liao)從制備、倉儲、制漿到輸送至充填(tian)(tian)區的(de)各個環(huan)節或單元(yuan)的(de)總成。充填(tian)(tian)方法(fa)與充填(tian)(tian)料(liao)輸送方法(fa)不(bu)(bu)同，充填(tian)(tian)系統的(de)組成單元(yuan)和(he)功能不(bu)(bu)同。

充填系統設(she)計應遵循以下原則：

（1）充(chong)填料要就近選(xuan)擇，充(chong)分利用(yong)工業廢渣，煤礦回(hui)填充(chong)填關鍵(jian)技(ji)術要求，保護環境，降低成(cheng)本。

（2）優先選擇(ze)自流(liu)輸送(song)方式，降(jiang)低基建投入與管理(li)成本。

（3）制漿能力與管(guan)(guan)道流量保持一致，設(she)置必要的人工或自動控制措施，盡可能做到(dao)滿(man)管(guan)(guan)輸(shu)送。

（4）倉儲規模要保證正常生產，不能出現經常性斷料。

（5）必要的(de)(de)防潮防雨雪措施，避免膠固(gu)材料吸(xi)潮結塊，保持充填料穩定(ding)的(de)(de)含水(shui)率。