低氧血癥

負壓吸引時停止了機械通氣，停止了氧療，也帶走了部分肺泡內的氣體，如果吸痰前未能有效充分給氧、使用的吸痰管太粗、負壓過高、吸痰時間太長、吸痰過于頻繁，吸痰包，就容易發生低氧血癥。低氧血癥的預防應針對以上可能的原因而給予相應的處理，如吸痰前應將FiO2暫時提高至，可由兩個人共同完成吸痰操作，對能配合的患者可指導其在吸痰前深呼吸3—4次，吸痰后繼續高濃度吸氧數分鐘。吸痰時密切監測血氧飽和度，觀察皮膚、黏膜顏色及脈搏、心率等。當血氧飽和度

9.負壓(ya)：負壓(ya)不過大，成人100~200mmHg，兒童(tong)80~100 mmHg，小兒50 mmHg（成人0.033~0.053MPa）小兒（0.013~0.033 MPa）.

10.痰(tan)液黏稠時：①可霧化吸入濕化氣道，稀釋痰(tan)液。

②可叩擊背部以振動(dong)痰液(ye)。 ③可向氣管(guan)內(nei)滴入NS或化痰。 ④儲液(ye)瓶內(nei)液(ye)體不超過瓶的2/3滿。

11.動作(zuo)輕柔：吸(xi)引時，應注意吸(xi)痰管插入(ru)是否順利，遇(yu)到(dao)阻力時，應分析原因(yin)，不得粗暴操(cao)作(zuo)。

吸痰器的保養和制(zhi)度分4個步(bu)驟：

1）用自來(lai)(lai)水(shui)預先沖洗連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，起到濕潤管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁和預先清洗異物(wu)的作用。2）把(ba)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)引入連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，使其貫(guan)穿(chuan)整(zheng)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道，并(bing)露(lu)出兩端(duan)。具體方法：在一(yi)根棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)一(yi)端(duan)打(da)(da)結(jie)，同一(yi)個點打(da)(da)4～5次，以結(jie)能在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自由滑動且盡可能zu大(da)為(wei)佳，濕潤整(zheng)根棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)，把(ba)打(da)(da)結(jie)的一(yi)端(duan)前面未打(da)(da)結(jie)部(bu)分剪(jian)去。將(jiang)打(da)(da)的結(jie)放入連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)端(duan)內，往里送棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)。此時(shi)，把(ba)連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)順直，進(jin)(jin)線(xian)端(duan)放在自來(lai)(lai)水(shui)下，另(ling)一(yi)端(duan)放在500ml的空(kong)瓶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，邊用水(shui)往管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沖洗，邊送棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)入管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，依靠水(shui)沖的力(li)量和重(zhong)力(li)作用，使棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)入管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)前端(duan)打(da)(da)結(jie)處相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)于漂浮導(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的前端(duan)，更利于棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)進(jin)(jin)入管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道），直至(zhi)整(zheng)個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道被棉(mian)(mian)(mian)線(xian)貫(guan)穿(chuan)。此過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)當(dang)(dang)瓶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)滿(man)時(shi)及時(shi)倒掉。