光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是利用半導體界面的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)生伏(fu)(fu)應而(er)將(jiang)(jiang)光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)直接轉(zhuan)變為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)一種技術。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)由太陽電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板（組(zu)件(jian)）、控制器(qi)和逆(ni)變器(qi)三大(da)部分(fen)組(zu)成，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)部件(jian)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器(qi)件(jian)構成。家庭光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安裝(zhuang)時(shi)，要(yao)(yao)求屋頂(ding)的(de)(de)周圍(wei)沒有大(da)面積的(de)(de)遮擋，如(ru)果在意裝(zhuang)機(ji)屋頂(ding)的(de)(de)東、南、西方(fang)向有高(gao)大(da)建(jian)筑或者高(gao)大(da)樹木，安裝(zhuang)時(shi)需要(yao)(yao)注意，根據(ju)當地的(de)(de)太陽傾角(jiao)和太陽一天的(de)(de)運(yun)動軌跡來判斷是否(fou)可(ke)以(yi)裝(zhuang)，或者避開陰(yin)影至多可(ke)以(yi)裝(zhuang)多少規模。太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)：將(jiang)(jiang)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)直接轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)技術稱為光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術。太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)取之不(bu)盡，只要(yao)(yao)有陽光(guang)(guang)，隨時(shi)都有電(dian)(dian)(dian)力。企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)利用建(jian)筑屋頂(ding)的(de)(de)優勢，光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安裝(zhuang)價格(ge)多少錢一平方(fang)，建(jian)立(li)了可(ke)靠、無噪音的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站，不(bu)僅發(fa)揮了發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，而(er)且增(zeng)加(jia)了建(jian)筑的(de)(de)美感(gan)，為企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)創造(zao)了效益(yi)。

光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)發發電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)原理是，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)廠家(jia)，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照在半導體p-n結(jie)上，形成新的(de)(de)(de)空穴-電(dian)子對(dui)，在p-n結(jie)內建(jian)電(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下，空穴由n區(qu)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)p區(qu)，電(dian)子由p區(qu)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)n區(qu)，接(jie)通電(dian)路后就形成電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。這(zhe)就是光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)效應太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)工作原理。隨著(zhu)國家(jia)新能(neng)源產業的(de)(de)(de)發展和太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)普及，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)高產率和高可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點使得(de)屋頂(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)站(zhan)逐漸得(de)到用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)可(ke)(ke)。大(da)多(duo)數農(nong)村居民(min)和企業主都在自家(jia)屋頂(ding)安(an)裝了光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)站(zhan)。帶(dai)有蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)并網發電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)常(chang)常(chang)安(an)裝在居民(min)建(jian)筑(zhu)；不(bu)帶(dai)蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)并網發電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)具備可(ke)(ke)調度性(xing)和備用(yong)電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)，一般安(an)裝在較大(da)型的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)上。

家(jia)庭(ting)光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)時，要求屋頂的(de)(de)周圍沒有大(da)面積的(de)(de)遮(zhe)擋，馬鞍山(shan)光伏(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果在(zai)意(yi)(yi)裝(zhuang)機屋頂的(de)(de)東、南、西(xi)方向有高(gao)大(da)建筑或者(zhe)高(gao)大(da)樹木，安(an)裝(zhuang)時需要注意(yi)(yi)，根據當(dang)地的(de)(de)太陽傾角和太陽一(yi)天的(de)(de)運動(dong)軌跡來(lai)判斷(duan)是(shi)否可以(yi)裝(zhuang)，或者(zhe)避開陰影至(zhi)多(duo)可以(yi)裝(zhuang)多(duo)少規模。光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應就是(shi)光照使不(bu)均(jun)勻半導(dao)體或半導(dao)體與金屬結(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)不(bu)同部位之間產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差的(de)(de)現(xian)象。它(ta)首先是(shi)由光子(光波)轉化(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、光能(neng)量(liang)轉化(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量(liang)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)；其次(ci)，是(shi)形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)程(cheng)。帶有蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)光伏(fu)并網發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)常(chang)常(chang)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)居民建筑；不(bu)帶蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)并網發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)具備可調度性和備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)功能(neng)，一(yi)般安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)較大(da)型的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)上。