已廣(guang)泛應(ying)用于電力、電子、能源、石化(hua)、機(ji)械、冶金(jin)、后鋁(lv)消費在(zai)中國(guo)(guo)有色(se)金(jin)屬材料(liao)。每公里架空(kong)電線需(xu)要2噸以上的(de)異常(chang)銅(tong)線。開發(fa)國(guo)(guo)外銅(tong)礦資源也要講(jiang)代(dai)價(jia)。由(you)于我國(guo)(guo)銅(tong)冶煉(lian)(lian)行業(ye)受國(guo)(guo)外礦產資源dfy8grg的(de)制約，有的(de)主張不(bu)惜(xi)代(dai)價(jia)到(dao)國(guo)(guo)外開發(fa)銅(tong)礦資源，這種觀點也值得商榷(que)。在(zai)大型的(de)鋼鐵(tie)聯(lian)合企業(ye)，從(cong)鐵(tie)礦石進廠到(dao)焦化(hua)、燒結、煉(lian)(lian)鐵(tie)、煉(lian)(lian)鋼，整個工藝流程中能源消耗和污染排放主要集中在(zai)煉(lian)(lian)鐵(tie)及前工序。

其(qi)中(zhong)：轉爐消耗(hao)9672萬(wan)噸(dun)，占總消耗(hao)量65%，電爐消耗(hao)5119萬(wan)噸(dun)，占總消耗(hao)量35%;廢鋼單(dan)耗(hao)178kg/t，同比增(zeng)加(jia)66kg/t，增(zeng)幅59.4%。廢鋼比17.8%，同比提高(gao)(gao)6.6個(ge)百分點。在環保重壓下，電爐煉(lian)鋼作(zuo)為環保的(de)生產(chan)工藝(yi)，使用(yong)量快速增(zeng)加(jia)，進一步(bu)加(jia)大了(le)對廢鋼鐵(tie)的(de)需求(qiu)。疊加(jia)'2+26'城(cheng)市限(xian)產(chan)影(ying)響(xiang)，高(gao)(gao)爐煉(lian)鋼生產(chan)受(shou)限(xian)。但是并不(bu)短(duan)缺，這就決定了(le)開發國(guo)外(wai)(wai)銅礦資源應該(gai)(gai)有(you)一個(ge)相對合理的(de)價位(wei)，我國(guo)利用(yong)國(guo)外(wai)(wai)銅礦資源也應該(gai)(gai)按合理代價付出。

對廢(fei)(fei)鋁(lv)進行(xing)初級分(fen)(fen)類、分(fen)(fen)級堆放，如純(chun)(chun)鋁(lv)、變形鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)(jin)、鑄造(zao)鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)(jin)、混合(he)料(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng)。鋁(lv)廢(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)進口(kou)量約占總進口(kou)量的(de)(de)(de)十分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一以上(shang)。其原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)處(chu)理(li)高度電腦化(hua)(hua)，所有入(ru)廠原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)存(cun)放，廢(fei)(fei)鋁(lv)電纜(lan)回收(shou)，庫存(cun)則依數量、化(hua)(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)、回收(shou)率及成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)建檔管理(li)運(yun)用。有了這些資料(liao)(liao)(liao)就可使熔(rong)煉工(gong)序在(zai)生(sheng)產合(he)金(jin)(jin)錠時得以計算出經濟的(de)(de)(de)用料(liao)(liao)(liao)公式，并確保產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)。　　特種紫雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)：各種純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)廢(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，主要(yao)(yao)包括銅(tong)(tong)(tong)材加工(gong)廠和(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)加工(gong)制造(zao)廠產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)邊角料(liao)(liao)(liao)、切頭、廢(fei)(fei)次材、半成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)、線(xian)材、廢(fei)(fei)品(pin)等(deng)；允許有報(bao)廢(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)裸線(xian)和(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)管等(deng)其它純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)制品(pin)，但不(bu)許有水垢、油污、涂層等(deng)；廢(fei)(fei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)不(bu)允許含(han)有任何雜質(zhi)和(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)，也不(bu)許含(han)有毛絲、車屑、磨屑和(he)厚度小于1 mm的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)板。廢(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為世界上(shang)生(sheng)產電銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)之(zhi)一。由(you)于廢(fei)(fei)雜銅(tong)(tong)(tong)來源各異，化(hua)(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)與(yu)物理(li)規格各不(bu)相(xiang)同，因而(er)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)方法不(bu)同，熔(rong)煉的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)也有別。再生(sheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)熔(rong)煉的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)：其一是直接熔(rong)煉成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)基合(he)金(jin)(jin)或線(xian)錠銅(tong)(tong)(tong)；其二是生(sheng)產再生(sheng)精銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。

直接(jie)熔煉(lian)(lian)成銅基(ji)合金或(huo)線錠銅，則熔煉(lian)(lian)的(de)目的(de)是：

（ 1 ）脫除溶(rong)于(yu)銅合金中的雜質元(yuan)素和氣(qi)體；

（ 2 ）調(diao)整化學成分以產(chan)出合乎牌號的銅(tong)合金(jin)產(chan)品或線(xian)錠(ding)銅(tong)，用于(yu)生產(chan)銅(tong)合金(jin)或線(xian)錠(ding)銅(tong)的雜銅(tong)成分必須純(chun)凈。