基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)：建(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命線(xian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)是(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)中確保地(di)下(xia)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)施(shi)工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，承(cheng)擔著抵(di)抗土(tu)壓(ya)力(li)、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)形和(he)(he)保護(hu)(hu)周邊環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)重要職能(neng)。在(zai)高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)、地(di)鐵(tie)工(gong)程(cheng)及(ji)地(di)下(xia)空間開發(fa)中，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)深(shen)度(du)常達數十米(mi)，其(qi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)質(zhi)量直接決定(ding)工(gong)程(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)敗。現(xian)(xian)代基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)呈(cheng)現(xian)(xian)多樣化(hua)發(fa)展趨勢。排樁支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)通(tong)過(guo)鋼筋混凝(ning)土(tu)樁與(yu)錨(mao)索組合(he)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)穩(wen)定(ding)體(ti)系(xi)，適用(yong)于深(shen)度(du)20米(mi)以內的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)；地(di)下(xia)連續墻憑借(jie)整體(ti)性(xing)好、止水(shui)性(xing)強等優(you)勢，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)超深(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)的(de)(de)(de)方案(an)；土(tu)釘墻技(ji)(ji)術(shu)通(tong)過(guo)植入鋼筋網與(yu)噴射混凝(ning)土(tu)加固土(tu)體(ti)，在(zai)淺層(ceng)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)中具有經濟的(de)(de)(de)特點。近年來，裝配式鋼支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐、預應力(li)魚(yu)腹梁等創新工(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)引入，進一步(bu)提(ti)升了支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)載(zai)性(xing)能(neng)。科學施(shi)工(gong)需遵循三大原則：首先，惠(hui)州基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)，的(de)(de)(de)地(di)質(zhi)勘(kan)察(cha)是(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎，需結(jie)(jie)合(he)土(tu)質(zhi)參(can)數、地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位及(ji)周邊建(jian)筑(zhu)荷載(zai)進行動態(tai)設計。其(qi)次，智能(neng)化(hua)監測系(xi)統不(bu)可或(huo)缺，通(tong)過(guo)激光測距(ju)儀(yi)、傾角傳(chuan)感(gan)器等設備實時支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)位移與(yu)應力(li)變(bian)化(hua)，預警值超過(guo)3‰即需啟動應急(ji)預案(an)。第三，環境(jing)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)日(ri)益重要，采(cai)用(yong)帷(wei)幕注漿或(huo)凍(dong)結(jie)(jie)法阻斷地(di)下(xia)水(shui)滲透，應用(yong)BIM技(ji)(ji)術(shu)優(you)化(hua)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)與(yu)管線(xian)布局的(de)(de)(de)協同性(xing)。值得關注的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，2021年深(shen)圳某商業綜(zong)合(he)體(ti)項目采(cai)用(yong)'排樁+環形支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐'組合(he)體(ti)系(xi)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功在(zai)12米(mi)深(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)中實現(xian)(xian)周邊地(di)鐵(tie)隧道0.3毫米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)微變(bian)形控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。這印(yin)證了精(jing)細(xi)化(hua)設計與(yu)智能(neng)監測的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)合(he)價(jia)值。隨著綠色施(shi)工(gong)理念深(shen)化(hua)，肇慶基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)，可回(hui)收支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)材料(liao)和(he)(he)低(di)擾動施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)正成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)行業研發(fa)重點。作為(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)風險高(gao)發(fa)區，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)既是(shi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)挑戰，更是(shi)安(an)(an)全(quan)責任的(de)(de)(de)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)。將嚴謹的(de)(de)(de)勘(kan)察(cha)設計、的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)選擇與(yu)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)動態(tai)管控(kong)有機結(jie)(jie)合(he)，方能(neng)筑(zhu)牢地(di)下(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)石。

基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支護(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)連續墻(qiang)(qiang)支護(hu)技術(shu)，近年(nian)來(lai)得到了(le)(le)(le)(le)廣泛的(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)應(ying)用(yong)。隨著(zhu)高(gao)層建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)和(he)大(da)型(xing)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)不(bu)斷增多，對基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)圍護(hu)結構(gou)的(de)(de)要求也越來(lai)越高(gao)。在這種(zhong)背景下(xia)(xia)，基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支護(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)連續墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)優勢逐漸顯(xian)現(xian)并得以(yi)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)發展。傳統(tong)的(de)(de)深基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)維護(hu)手段往往難以(yi)滿足(zu)現(xian)代復雜(za)多變的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)要求和(he)環境條(tiao)件限制，而采用(yong)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)連續墻(qiang)(qiang)作(zuo)為(wei)支護(hu)結構(gou)則(ze)顯(xian)得尤為(wei)經(jing)濟和(he)。其優點主(zhu)要體現(xian)在墻(qiang)(qiang)體剛度大(da)、防滲性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)以(yi)及適應(ying)多種(zhong)地(di)(di)基(ji)條(tiao)件等方面上；此(ci)外還(huan)能(neng)(neng)緊貼原(yuan)有建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)進行(xing)施(shi)工(gong)且占(zhan)地(di)(di)少能(neng)(neng)充分(fen)利(li)用(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)紅(hong)線(xian)以(yi)內(nei)地(di)(di)域并將(jiang)經(jing)濟效益發揮到大(da)程(cheng)(cheng)度等特性(xing)(xing)也使得它在城市(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)備受青(qing)睞。在技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)方面，“二合一(yi)”技術(shu)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)顯(xian)著(zhu)提高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)施(shi)工(gong)效率和(he)質(zhi)量：通(tong)過確保施(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)連續墻(qiang)(qiang)與后期地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)室主(zhu)體結構(gou)的(de)(de)合理(li)連接構(gou)造共同工(gong)作(zuo)，大(da)大(da)增強(qiang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)整體承載(zai)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)；同時設(she)置鋼筋混凝土支腿等技術(shu)措施(shi)有效解(jie)(jie)決(jue)了(le)(le)(le)(le)傳統(tong)工(gong)藝中(zhong)(zhong)難以(yi)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)的(de)(de)差異沉降等問題也為(wei)超(chao)深超(chao)大(da)基(ji)坑(keng)(keng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)提供了(le)(le)(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)方案(an)并取(qu)得了(le)(le)(le)(le)良好(hao)效果。逆(ni)作(zuo)法技術(shu)的(de)(de)結合使用(yong)更(geng)是進一(yi)步(bu)提升(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)其在復雜(za)地(di)(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)適應(ying)能(neng)(neng)力和(he)施(shi)工(gong)靈活性(xing)(xing)為(wei)眾多工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)帶來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)福音并成(cheng)為(wei)當前建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)領(ling)域研究的(de)(de)熱(re)點之(zhi)一(yi).

基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)支護旨在(zai)確保基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)四周(zhou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，為地(di)下(xia)室施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)提供充足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間。其(qi)中(zhong)灌(guan)注樁支護技(ji)術是深基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種方法，具有(you)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)固(gu)優(you)勢：首(shou)先表(biao)現在(zai)高承載能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力和(he)(he)小沉降特點(dian)上。灌(guan)注樁通過(guo)在(zai)地(di)下(xia)連續灌(guan)注混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)形(xing)成(cheng)周(zhou)邊支撐墻，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)大(da)幅提升土(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)承載能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力；同時該技(ji)術還具有(you)變形(xing)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)，確保了工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。此外鉆(zhan)孔灌(guan)注樁以(yi)其(qi)靈活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方式(shi)、無振動(dong)和(he)(he)無噪聲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)及對周(zhou)圍環境(jing)影響甚微的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)被廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)各類工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)。若工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他結構也(ye)為灌(guan)注樁時還可實現同步(bu)作(zuo)業以(yi)優(you)化施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)并(bing)縮(suo)短工(gong)(gong)(gong)期降低工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)價(jia)成(cheng)本。并(bing)且當土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)條件較(jiao)差或需(xu)承受(shou)較(jiao)大(da)水(shui)平壓力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)也(ye)可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙層擋土(tu)(tu)(tu)灌(guan)注樁等組合(he)形(xing)式(shi)進一(yi)步(bu)增(zeng)強其(qi)穩(wen)固(gu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)適應(ying)更復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)況需(xu)求(qiu)。在(zai)實際應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)可根據地(di)質(zhi)勘察結果和(he)(he)現場環境(jing)條件靈活(huo)選擇適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術方案以(yi)確保達到佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加固(gu)效(xiao)果滿(man)足(zu)設(she)計要(yao)求(qiu)并(bing)確保施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)順利進行(xing)下(xia)去。例如在(zai)高水(shui)位(wei)軟粘土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)地(di)區可通過(guo)設(she)置防(fang)水(shui)帷幕等措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來(lai)解決水(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)流(liu)失問題從而(er)(er)提升整(zheng)個結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)止水(shui)效(xiao)果和(he)(he)防(fang)滲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力；而(er)(er)在(zai)有(you)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)坑(keng)中(zhong)則可結合(he)使用(yong)(yong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層錨桿等技(ji)術手段以(yi)提高邊坡穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)抗側(ce)移能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力等性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)指標從而(er)(er)保障工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)安(an)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實現。綜上所述，作(zuo)為常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)處(chu)理方式(shi)之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)漿柱技(ji)術憑借其(qi)諸多(duo)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢已被廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于現代(dai)城市高層建(jian)筑及大(da)型(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)發揮著越來(lai)越重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)