攪拌器附件(jian)——導流筒(tong)

導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)非常重要的(de)攪拌器附件，導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于推進式(shi)、螺桿式(shi)攪拌器的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，渦(wo)(wo)輪式(shi)攪拌器有時也(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個圓筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)形，緊包圍著葉(xie)輪。可(ke)以便葉(xie)輪排出(chu)的(de)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)在導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內部與(yu)外(wai)部（導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)罐的(de)環(huan)(huan)隙內）形成上下(xia)(xia)的(de)循環(huan)(huan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)。應用(yong)(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)使流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)得以嚴格控制，還可(ke)得到高(gao)速渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和高(gao)倍循環(huan)(huan)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)以為液(ye)(ye)體(ti)限定一個流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)路(lu)線(xian)，防(fang)止短路(lu)；也(ye)(ye)可(ke)迫使流(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)高(gao)速流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)加熱(re)面，利于傳(chuan)熱(re)。對(dui)于混合和分散過(guo)程，導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)都能起到強化作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。根據推進式(shi)、螺桿式(shi)攪拌器的(de)旋(xuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和轉向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，可(ke)使液(ye)(ye)體(ti)有不同的(de)循環(huan)(huan)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。較多的(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內液(ye)(ye)體(ti)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)，外(wai)面環(huan)(huan)隙內液(ye)(ye)體(ti)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上。在渦(wo)(wo)輪式(shi)攪拌器所用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內側，設有與(yu)槳葉(xie)同等數目(mu)或更多的(de)折葉(xie)片，折葉(xie)角(jiao)度隨(sui)操作(zuo)目(mu)的(de)而異，錫(xi)林郭勒(le)盟攪拌器，例如(ru)氣-液(ye)(ye)相操作(zuo)中，精細化工攪拌器，折葉(xie)使氣-液(ye)(ye)相在導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)；在固-液(ye)(ye)相操作(zuo)中，折葉(xie)使固-液(ye)(ye)相在導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)動(dong)(dong)。

攪(jiao)拌器中的(de)底(di)擋(dang)板(ban)和指形擋(dang)板(ban)

在之(zhi)前的文章中(zhong)，我們介紹過攪拌(ban)器中(zhong)的豎擋板(ban)，今天我們僅對底檔板(ban)和指形擋板(ban)進(jin)行介紹。

一，底擋板

顧(gu)名(ming)思義，底擋板安裝在(zai)(zai)攪拌(ban)釜(fu)的(de)底部，如圖(tu)8-3所示。它對促進固體懸(xuan)浮(fu)很有效，污泥(ni)攪拌(ban)器，可避免在(zai)(zai)攪拌(ban)器的(de)底部形成固體顆粒(li)堆積，因(yin)而一般(ban)用(yong)于攪拌(ban)固體粒(li)子(zi)形成的(de)懸(xuan)浮(fu)液。

對于湍流操作，推薦如圖(tu)8-3 (a)所(suo)示的底部小擋板(ban)，擋板(ban)的參(can)數為(wei)：d=0.5D; b=0.lD; h1=0.05D; w=0.1D; C=0.25D; e=0.5d。對于液液分(fen)散(san)，當分(fen)散(san)相的密度小

于連續相時(shi)（如(ru)把油分散(san)(san)于水(shui)），若(ruo)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)攪拌器(qi)直徑太(tai)小(xiao)，則(ze)在釜壁易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)浮(fu)油；若(ruo)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)攪拌器(qi)直徑太(tai)大，則(ze)在釜的(de)中部易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)浮(fu)油。建議采用(yong)(yong)如(ru)圖8-3 (b)所示的(de)輕液擋板(ban)，可獲得好(hao)的(de)分散(san)(san)效果。擋板(ban)的(de)參數(shu)為：d=0.4D; b=0.05～0.1D；Bw=0.07～0.1D; Sb=0.5d; eb=0.5d。

二，指形擋板(ban)及其(qi)他(ta)型式的擋板(ban)

指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)（如圖8-4所示(shi)）類似手指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀，多用(yong)于(yu)安裝在三葉(xie)后掠式(shi)攪拌(ban)器(qi)的(de)(de)搪(tang)玻璃攪拌(ban)釜中(zhong)。指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)比(bi)板(ban)(ban)式(shi)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)節省攪拌(ban)功(gong)率，亦(yi)能起到(dao)增加液(ye)體上下(xia)循環(huan)流的(de)(de)作用(yong)，有時指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)內(nei)可通(tong)入冷卻水，可對攪拌(ban)器(qi)進行(xing)換熱作用(yong)。一(yi)般情況下(xia)，指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)設計(ji)參數為(wei)：管(guan)外徑d=D/20；指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)寬度Wf=0.1D;厚度X=0.04D;間(jian)距(ju)Sf=0.2D;長(chang)度Lf=0.17D;指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)與容(rong)器(qi)內(nei)壁(bi)間(jian)距(ju)Sb=0.1D;指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)與容(rong)器(qi)底距(ju)離C=0.44D;管(guan)下(xia)端突出的(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)長(chang)度L=0.06D。

攪(jiao)拌(ban)器，攪(jiao)拌(ban)器又(you)分為傳動裝置、攪(jiao)拌(ban)軸、攪(jiao)拌(ban)器和(he)軸封。

一? 1.傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置，傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置的(de)作用是(shi)提供(gong)讓攪拌軸(zhou)按照(zhao)所需轉(zhuan)動(dong)方(fang)式轉(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)，傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置包括：電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)、減(jian)速機(ji)(ji)、機(ji)(ji)架和聯(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)提供(gong)能(neng)(neng)源的(de)機(ji)(ji)械裝(zhuang)置，負(fu)責將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)；減(jian)速機(ji)(ji)是(shi)和電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)配合相當緊密的(de)元件，因為(wei)攪拌器(qi)所需要(yao)的(de)轉(zhuan)速一般都不快(kuai)，反應釜攪拌器(qi)，而(er)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)提供(gong)的(de)轉(zhuan)速又太快(kuai)了，所以(yi)(yi)需要(yao)減(jian)速機(ji)(ji)將(jiang)轉(zhuan)速降下來，并增大扭矩；機(ji)(ji)架可以(yi)(yi)確(que)保(bao)攪拌軸(zhou)的(de)偏(pian)擺(bai)量不大，并且(qie)承受著軸(zhou)向力(li)，保(bao)證(zheng)攪拌過程的(de)穩(wen)定；聯(lian)軸(zhou)器(qi)可以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)攪拌器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)兩個不同元件牢(lao)固相連，這樣可以(yi)(yi)更好(hao)的(de)傳遞功率。

2.攪(jiao)拌(ban)軸，攪(jiao)拌(ban)軸的(de)作用是將(jiang)電機(ji)和減速機(ji)中傳遞過來的(de)動(dong)力(li)再傳遞給攪(jiao)拌(ban)器，并帶動(dong)攪(jiao)拌(ban)器進行攪(jiao)拌(ban)。

3.攪(jiao)拌(ban)器，攪(jiao)拌(ban)器是攪(jiao)拌(ban)器中的(de)實(shi)現攪(jiao)拌(ban)效(xiao)果的(de)，它直接(jie)參與攪(jiao)拌(ban)，決定著攪(jiao)拌(ban)效(xiao)果的(de)優(you)劣。

4.軸封，軸封是(shi)是(shi)否重要的(de)(de)(de)，它是(shi)攪拌效(xiao)(xiao)果質量的(de)(de)(de)保證，軸封可以防止被攪拌物質的(de)(de)(de)泄漏和(he)雜質的(de)(de)(de)混入，軸封屬于(yu)一種動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封，動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封這種密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封是(shi)通(tong)過各個元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)相對運(yun)動而實現密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)一種密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封效(xiao)(xiao)果。

二，攪拌(ban)容器(qi)，攪拌(ban)容器(qi)有好幾個名(ming)字，比如(ru)：攪拌(ban)釜，攪拌(ban)槽(cao)，反應(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)，反應(ying)(ying)(ying)釜，從這些名(ming)字中可以看出，攪拌(ban)容器(qi)就是(shi)攪拌(ban)器(qi)中進(jin)行(xing)攪拌(ban)和化學反應(ying)(ying)(ying)的容器(qi)。它(ta)包括：內容器(qi)、傳熱元件(jian)、內構件(jian)等等。

1.內容器又稱(cheng)為釜體或攪(jiao)拌槽體，作用(yong)就是給物料攪(jiao)拌提供合適(shi)的空間(jian)。

2.因(yin)為(wei)有(you)些反(fan)(fan)應(ying)必須在一定的(de)溫度下進行，而換熱元件就(jiu)是為(wei)了提(ti)供反(fan)(fan)應(ying)溫度而存在的(de)。

3.內構件說白了就(jiu)是內容器里(li)面(mian)的構件，作用是使攪拌(ban)效果更加(jia)理想(xiang)，攪拌(ban)更加(jia)充(chong)分(fen)，包(bao)括，擋(dang)板(ban)、盤管、導流筒(tong)等。

以上就是攪拌器的組成(cheng)結構方面(mian)的內容。