破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是礦(kuang)山、建筑及(ji)冶金行業中的(de)關鍵動(dong)力(li)(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，根(gen)據設備(bei)(bei)結(jie)構和(he)(he)工(gong)作原理(li)可(ke)分為以下幾類：###一(yi)、顎(e)式(shi)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)該(gai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)以液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油缸替代(dai)傳統(tong)(tong)機(ji)(ji)械調整機(ji)(ji)構，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)動(dong)力(li)(li)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)動(dong)顎(e)板的(de)開合(he)控(kong)制。功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)括過(guo)(guo)載保(bao)護（通(tong)過(guo)(guo)蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)吸(xi)收沖(chong)擊(ji)）、排料(liao)口(kou)調節(jie)(jie)（液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)推桿定位）以及(ji)楔塊快速調整裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。典型(xing)(xing)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)場景為花崗巖、玄武巖等高硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)物料(liao)初破(po)(po)(po)，其液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)同(tong)步技術能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效降低(di)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗15%-20%。###二、圓錐破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)全液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)驅動(dong)設計，配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)馬(ma)達(da)驅動(dong)偏心套。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)集成(cheng)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鎖(suo)緊缸實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)浮(fu)動(dong)支撐，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)傳感(gan)器(qi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)監測破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)腔負載，當異物進入時(shi)可(ke)自動(dong)抬升動(dong)錐體實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)過(guo)(guo)鐵保(bao)護。型(xing)(xing)號配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)根(gen)據物料(liao)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)自動(dong)調節(jie)(jie)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)力(li)(li)，使產品粒度(du)(du)(du)合(he)格率(lv)提升至92%以上。###三、反擊(ji)式(shi)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)機(ji)(ji)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)創新(xin)性采用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸轉子開啟結(jie)構，配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)比(bi)例換向閥實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轉子轉速無(wu)級(ji)調節(jie)(jie)。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頂蓋開啟系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)使維(wei)護時(shi)間縮短至傳統(tong)(tong)機(ji)(ji)械式(shi)的(de)1/3，集成(cheng)式(shi)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)站內(nei)置溫度(du)(du)(du)補償模塊，可(ke)在-25℃~60℃環境穩定工(gong)作。特(te)別適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)混凝土再(zai)生破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)等柔(rou)性工(gong)況。###四、移動(dong)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)站液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)模塊化設計的(de)全液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)驅動(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)械，包(bao)含行走液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)回(hui)(hui)路、工(gong)作裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置回(hui)(hui)路和(he)(he)輔助系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)回(hui)(hui)路。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)負載敏(min)感(gan)變量泵(beng)與電液(ye)(ye)比(bi)例閥協(xie)同(tong)控(kong)制，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗較傳統(tong)(tong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)降低(di)30%。折疊式(shi)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)支腿配(pei)(pei)合(he)角度(du)(du)(du)傳感(gan)器(qi)，可(ke)在15分鐘內(nei)完(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)作姿態轉換，特(te)別適合(he)建筑垃(la)圾現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)場破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)作業。###五、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)錘(chui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)高頻(pin)沖(chong)擊(ji)型(xing)(xing)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)附件(jian)，由主(zhu)(zhu)控(kong)閥、蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)器(qi)和(he)(he)沖(chong)擊(ji)活塞組成(cheng)。工(gong)作壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)可(ke)達(da)18-25MPa，沖(chong)擊(ji)頻(pin)率(lv)1500-2000次(ci)/分鐘。智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)型(xing)(xing)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電式(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)反饋系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)根(gen)據巖石硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)自動(dong)調節(jie)(jie)沖(chong)擊(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量，燃油效率(lv)提升40%。廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)礦(kuang)山二次(ci)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)和(he)(he)隧(sui)道掘進。這些系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)均采用(yong)(yong)(yong)電液(ye)(ye)比(bi)例控(kong)制技術，配(pei)(pei)備(bei)(bei)CAN總線通(tong)訊接(jie)口(kou)，支持遠(yuan)程(cheng)故障診斷和(he)(he)參數優(you)化。隨著數字(zi)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)技術發展(zhan)，新(xin)一(yi)代(dai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)正朝著智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化方向演進，部分型(xing)(xing)號已(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)5G遠(yuan)程(cheng)操(cao)控(kong)和(he)(he)數字(zi)孿生維(wei)護功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。

船(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是一(yi)種基于(yu)帕斯(si)卡(ka)原理(li)的動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)傳(chuan)輸裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，通(tong)(tong)過液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體介質（通(tong)(tong)常(chang)是液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油）實(shi)(shi)現(xian)能(neng)(neng)量的傳(chuan)遞與控(kong)制(zhi)。其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是將機(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)能(neng)(neng)，再通(tong)(tong)過執(zhi)行機(ji)(ji)構(gou)輸出(chu)(chu)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)或力(li)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)件(jian)(jian)，具有功率密度(du)(du)高、響應(ying)(ying)(ying)快、布局靈(ling)活等(deng)(deng)特點，廣泛應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)船(chuan)(chuan)舶的舵(duo)(duo)機(ji)(ji)、錨機(ji)(ji)、起重機(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)設備(bei)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)主要由以(yi)下四部(bu)分組(zu)成：1.動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)（液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)泵(beng)）：由船(chuan)(chuan)舶發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)或電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，將機(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)能(neng)(neng)，輸出(chu)(chu)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。常(chang)見類型(xing)有齒輪(lun)泵(beng)、柱塞泵(beng)。2.執(zhi)行元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)（液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸/液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)馬(ma)達）：將液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)直線運動(dong)(dong)(dong)（油缸）或旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)（馬(ma)達），如(ru)舵(duo)(duo)機(ji)(ji)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸可(ke)(ke)產生(sheng)數十(shi)噸推(tui)力(li)。3.控(kong)制(zhi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)：包(bao)括方向(xiang)控(kong)制(zhi)閥（換(huan)向(xiang)閥）、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)閥（溢流(liu)(liu)閥）、流(liu)(liu)量閥等(deng)(deng)，通(tong)(tong)過電液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或手動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)、流(liu)(liu)量和流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)的調節(jie)。4.輔(fu)助裝(zhuang)置(zhi)：油箱、濾清器(qi)、冷卻器(qi)及管(guan)路系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，確保油液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)清潔(jie)度(du)(du)和熱平衡，油溫通(tong)(tong)常(chang)控(kong)制(zhi)在30-60℃。工作(zuo)原理(li)遵循閉環控(kong)制(zhi)：當操作(zuo)指(zhi)令輸入時(shi)，控(kong)制(zhi)閥組(zu)調節(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)執(zhi)行機(ji)(ji)構(gou)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)活塞或馬(ma)達運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)傳(chuan)感器(qi)實(shi)(shi)時(shi)反饋系(xi)(xi)統(tong)狀(zhuang)態，通(tong)(tong)過比例(li)閥或伺服閥實(shi)(shi)現(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)。例(li)如(ru)操舵(duo)(duo)時(shi)，駕駛臺信(xin)號驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電磁(ci)換(huan)向(xiang)閥，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油按需進入舵(duo)(duo)機(ji)(ji)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸兩(liang)側，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)舵(duo)(duo)葉轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)特定角度(du)(du)。船(chuan)(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)特別注(zhu)重可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)和環境適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)：采用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙泵(beng)冗(rong)余設計，配(pei)備(bei)蓄能(neng)(neng)器(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)急動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)；管(guan)路使用(yong)(yong)(yong)耐(nai)腐蝕不(bu)銹鋼材質，關鍵部(bu)位設置(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)以(yi)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)海水環境溫度(du)(du)變化。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)工作(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)為(wei)(wei)10-35MPa，特殊工況可(ke)(ke)達70MPa，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設計，相比機(ji)(ji)械(xie)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)效(xiao)率提(ti)升約30%，特別適(shi)合船(chuan)(chuan)舶空間(jian)受限、載荷多變的應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)場景(jing)。

船(chuan)用液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是船(chuan)舶(bo)動(dong)力(li)(li)與操控(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)部分，根據結構(gou)原理和(he)(he)應(ying)(ying)用場景的(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)，主要可(ke)分為(wei)以(yi)下五類：**1.開式液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)**采(cai)(cai)用油(you)(you)(you)箱作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)介(jie)質循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)終點(dian)(dian)，油(you)(you)(you)泵從油(you)(you)(you)箱吸(xi)油(you)(you)(you)后(hou)驅動(dong)執行器(qi)(qi)，回油(you)(you)(you)直接流回油(you)(you)(you)箱。其結構(gou)簡單(dan)、成(cheng)本低，但(dan)存在油(you)(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)易污(wu)染、效率(lv)較(jiao)低（約70%）的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點(dian)(dian)，適用于舵機(ji)、錨機(ji)等(deng)中(zhong)小功(gong)率(lv)設備(bei)。典型工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)范圍為(wei)10-21MPa。**2.閉式液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)**采(cai)(cai)用雙向變量(liang)(liang)泵實(shi)現(xian)(xian)油(you)(you)(you)路閉合(he)循(xun)(xun)環(huan)(huan)，無(wu)油(you)(you)(you)箱直接參與工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)回路。能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)損耗減少30%以(yi)上(shang)，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)效率(lv)可(ke)達(da)85%，特(te)別適合(he)推進器(qi)(qi)、吊機(ji)等(deng)大功(gong)率(lv)連(lian)續作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業設備(bei)。但(dan)需要配備(bei)補油(you)(you)(you)泵和(he)(he)沖洗閥組(zu)，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)復雜(za)度(du)和(he)(he)維護成(cheng)本較(jiao)高。**3.負載敏感系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)**通過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)補償(chang)閥實(shi)時(shi)感知負載變化，自動(dong)調(diao)節(jie)泵的(de)(de)(de)排量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)。相(xiang)比傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)20%-40%，在絞車、拖(tuo)纜機(ji)等(deng)變負載工(gong)況下表現(xian)(xian)優異(yi)。現(xian)(xian)代系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)多集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)電子控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單(dan)元（ECU），可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)流量(liang)(liang)分配精(jing)度(du)±3%以(yi)內。**4.恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)（CP系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)）**采(cai)(cai)用壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)補償(chang)式變量(liang)(liang)泵保(bao)持系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)恒(heng)定，允許多個執行機(ji)構(gou)同(tong)時(shi)獨立工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。特(te)別適合(he)船(chuan)舶(bo)甲板機(ji)械集(ji)(ji)群作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業，如同(tong)時(shi)操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)貨艙蓋液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)缸和(he)(he)起重(zhong)機(ji)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)通常設定在額定值的(de)(de)(de)105%-110%，配備(bei)蓄能(neng)(neng)器(qi)(qi)應(ying)(ying)對峰值需求。**5.集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)式電液(ye)(ye)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)**融合(he)電子控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)與液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)傳動(dong)，采(cai)(cai)用比例閥、伺服閥實(shi)現(xian)(xian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。定位精(jing)度(du)可(ke)達(da)0.1mm，響應(ying)(ying)時(shi)間＜50ms，廣泛應(ying)(ying)用于動(dong)態(tai)定位（DP）、減搖鰭等(deng)精(jing)密控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。現(xian)(xian)代船(chuan)舶(bo)趨向采(cai)(cai)用CAN總線架(jia)構(gou)，通過HMI實(shi)現(xian)(xian)全(quan)船(chuan)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)監控(kong)(kong)。隨著(zhu)IMO能(neng)(neng)效法規的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，泉(quan)州液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，船(chuan)舶(bo)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)正向智能(neng)(neng)化、高能(neng)(neng)效方向發展，變頻電機(ji)驅動(dong)、能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)回收(shou)裝置等(deng)新技術逐步應(ying)(ying)用，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)效率(lv)普遍提升至90%以(yi)上(shang)，助(zhu)力(li)(li)船(chuan)舶(bo)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)低碳化運(yun)營。