道(dao)岔是機車(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)輛從(cong)一股(gu)(gu)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)轉入或(huo)越(yue)過另一股(gu)(gu)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)時的(de)(de)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)設(she)備(bei)，是鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)的(de)(de)一個重(zhong)(zhong)要組(zu)成部(bu)分。通常(chang)在車(che)(che)(che)站(zhan)、編(bian)組(zu)站(zhan)大量(liang)鋪設(she)。有(you)了道(dao)岔，可(ke)以充分發(fa)揮線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)通過能(neng)力(li)。即使是單(dan)線(xian)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)，鋪設(she)道(dao)岔，修筑一段大于列(lie)車(che)(che)(che)長度的(de)(de)叉(cha)線(xian)，就可(ke)以對(dui)開列(lie)車(che)(che)(che)。 ?林州市(shi)安(an)普工(gong)礦(kuang)器(qi)材廠生產的(de)(de)安(an)普牌(pai)600，762，900，1435軌(gui)(gui)距的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)號(hao)道(dao)岔，煤礦(kuang)機械、鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)配(pei)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、鋼軌(gui)(gui)壓板及起重(zhong)(zhong)機軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)聯(lian)結件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)汽車(che)(che)(che)配(pei)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，在國(guo)內有(you)著很高(gao)的(de)(de)度與信譽度。本廠有(you)20多人(ren)專(zhuan)門從(cong)事新產品(pin)開發(fa)與研制的(de)(de)小組(zu)，有(you)著30年(nian)的(de)(de)生產經驗與歷史，我(wo)廠鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)產品(pin)主要有(you)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)號(hao)的(de)(de)輕、重(zhong)(zhong)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)岔。線(xian)路(lu)(lu)配(pei)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)螺(luo)旋道(dao)釘、扣板、鐵(tie)座、普通拉桿、絕緣拉桿、魚尾螺(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)、防爬器(qi)、墊(dian)板、橋梁(liang)護軌(gui)(gui)配(pei)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。吊車(che)(che)(che)軌(gui)(gui)道(dao)聯(lian)結件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)號(hao)的(de)(de)壓板、羅栓(shuan)(shuan)、膠墊(dian)、焊接式壓軌(gui)(gui)器(qi)等品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。煤礦(kuang)配(pei)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要有(you)：液壓支柱(zhu)、金(jin)屬(shu)支柱(zhu)、鉸接頂(ding)梁(liang)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、頂(ding)蓋(gai)、底座、手(shou)把體、活(huo)塞、水平(ping)楔(xie)、滑塊、楔(xie)塊、1050型(xing)的(de)(de)水平(ping)楔(xie)、垂直(zhi)楔(xie)、傳(chuan)動楔(xie)、（A、B型(xing)）接頭(tou)左右耳、調角楔(xie)、檔(dang)圈(quan)、及各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)鍛(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、機械加(jia)工(gong)產品(pin)。

①如果(guo)是(shi)單動(dong)(dong)(dong)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)，在(zai)(zai)操(cao)(cao)(cao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)控(kong)制臺(tai)的(de)(de)電(dian)流表(biao)有(you)(you)指示(shi)，說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)電(dian)已(yi)送至到道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)。如果(guo)這時(shi)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)不(bu)能操(cao)(cao)(cao)到規定位置，是(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)原因(yin)。在(zai)(zai)操(cao)(cao)(cao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)時(shi)，如果(guo)控(kong)制臺(tai)的(de)(de)電(dian)流表(biao)沒(mei)有(you)(you)指示(shi)，雙(shuang)開(kai)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)批發(fa)價(jia)，首先(xian)到機械室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)分線(xian)盤測(ce)量(liang)該道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)有(you)(you)沒(mei)有(you)(you)電(dian)壓，如果(guo)有(you)(you)電(dian)壓說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)電(dian)已(yi)送出，是(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。②如果(guo)是(shi)雙(shuang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)，在(zai)(zai)操(cao)(cao)(cao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)控(kong)制臺(tai)的(de)(de)電(dian)流表(biao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)下就(jiu)不(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)了，雙(shuang)開(kai)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)，說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)(ming)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)電(dian)已(yi)送到了一(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)，雙(shuang)開(kai)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)實(shi)力推(tui)薦，故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)出在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)以后，雙(shuang)開(kai)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)批發(fa)，是(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。③如果(guo)道(dao)(dao)岔(cha)(cha)定、反位都(dou)能操(cao)(cao)(cao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，就(jiu)是(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)表(biao)示(shi)。用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)交流250v檔，在(zai)(zai)分線(xian)盤測(ce)量(liang)X1(或X2）與X3間有(you)(you)無交流110V左(zuo)右電(dian)壓，如果(guo)有(you)(you)電(dian)壓，則是(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，否則是(shi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內故障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。

由于道岔(cha)(cha)具有數量多、構造復雜(za)、使用(yong)壽命短、限制列車速度、行(xing)車安(an)全(quan)性(xing)低、 養護維修投入大等(deng)特點，岔(cha)(cha)道(4張) 與(yu)曲線(xian)、接(jie)(jie)頭并(bing)稱為軌(gui)道的三大薄弱環節(jie)。它的基本形式有三種：即(ji)線(xian)路(lu)的連(lian)接(jie)(jie)、交(jiao)叉(cha)(cha)、連(lian)接(jie)(jie)與(yu)交(jiao)叉(cha)(cha)的組(zu)(zu)合(he)。常用(yong)的線(xian)路(lu)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)有各種類型的單式道岔(cha)(cha)和復式道岔(cha)(cha)；交(jiao)叉(cha)(cha)有垂(chui)直交(jiao)叉(cha)(cha)和菱(ling)形交(jiao)叉(cha)(cha)；連(lian)接(jie)(jie)與(yu)交(jiao)叉(cha)(cha)的組(zu)(zu)合(he)有交(jiao)分(fen)道岔(cha)(cha)和交(jiao)叉(cha)(cha)渡線(xian)等(deng)。