CNC數(shu)控(kong)加(jia)工技術(shu)需(xu)要(yao)從(cong)何學(xue)起(qi)？需(xu)要(yao)學(xue)習(xi)哪(na)些方面(mian)的知識？一(yi)本數(shu)控(kong)技術(shu)及應用指南全搞定！

近年來，數控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)在結構和控制方式上(shang)有著本質的(de)(de)(de)改變，以(yi)致于完全想通過(guo)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)操控幾乎不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)。操作人(ren)(ren)員只能(neng)在進行故障診斷時通過(guo)經驗(yan)加(jia)以(yi)干預。為保護人(ren)(ren)和機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)免受操作失誤或錯誤指(zhi)令帶來的(de)(de)(de)損害，五金數控車床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，現(xian)代數控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)提供了更多的(de)(de)(de)安全和故障檢(jian)測單元(yuan)。盡管所(suo)有的(de)(de)(de)數控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)工(gong)(gong)作原理相同，但不(bu)(bu)同型號的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)仍然需要具備與之相適應的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)特定控制，這一點可通過(guo)基于數控系統(tong)(tong)運行的(de)(de)(de)軟件的(de)(de)(de)硬件系統(tong)(tong)來實現(xian)。這也是(shi)為什么(me)CNC系統(tong)(tong)和數控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)這兩(liang)部(bu)分(fen)內容安排在一起(qi)。

五金數控車床加工

###數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)：五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業邁向的(de)(de)(de)引擎(qing)在制(zhi)造(zao)業智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)、精(jing)密化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型的(de)(de)(de)浪潮下(xia)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)正(zheng)(zheng)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)加工(gong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業邁向化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)引擎(qing)。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)現代(dai)機(ji)械制(zhi)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備，數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)憑(ping)借高精(jing)度、率(lv)、高柔(rou)性的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)優(you)(you)勢，正(zheng)(zheng)在重塑傳統五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)格(ge)局，助力中國(guo)(guo)從(cong)(cong)“五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)制(zhi)造(zao)大國(guo)(guo)”向“智(zhi)造(zao)強國(guo)(guo)”跨越(yue)。####技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)革新：打破(po)(po)傳統加工(gong)瓶頸傳統五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)加工(gong)依賴(lai)人工(gong)操作(zuo)普通(tong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)，五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)公司，存在精(jing)度低(di)、效率(lv)低(di)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗高等(deng)(deng)痛點(dian)。而數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)通(tong)過(guo)計算機(ji)編程控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，實現了自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)加工(gong)，可(ke)將(jiang)零(ling)件加工(gong)精(jing)度提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)至微米級，五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)哪里好(hao)，復(fu)(fu)雜曲面加工(gong)誤(wu)差(cha)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在0.01mm以內(nei)，滿足航空航天、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)領域(yu)對精(jing)密零(ling)部件的(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)苛要(yao)求。例(li)如，高精(jing)度閥門(men)、微型連(lian)接器等(deng)(deng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)，通(tong)過(guo)五(wu)軸聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)可(ke)實現一次成(cheng)型，良品(pin)(pin)率(lv)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)40%以上。####產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業升(sheng)(sheng)級：驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)價(jia)值鏈攀升(sheng)(sheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)使(shi)五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)企業突破(po)(po)了低(di)端(duan)代(dai)工(gong)模式(shi)。青島某五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)企業引入智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)線(xian)后，成(cheng)功(gong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型為(wei)(wei)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)渦輪增壓器部件供(gong)應(ying)(ying)商，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)單價(jia)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)5倍，訂單交付周(zhou)期縮短60%。行(xing)業數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)顯示(shi)，采用(yong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)企業利潤率(lv)平均(jun)提(ti)高15-20%，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)出口附加值增長30%。這種(zhong)升(sheng)(sheng)級不僅體現在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)層面，更推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)企業向研發(fa)設(she)(she)計、工(gong)藝優(you)(you)化(hua)等(deng)(deng)價(jia)值鏈延伸(shen)。####生(sheng)態(tai)重構：智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型加速數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)與(yu)工(gong)業互聯(lian)網、數(shu)(shu)(shu)字孿生(sheng)等(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)融合，五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)廠，正(zheng)(zheng)在構建新型產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業生(sheng)態(tai)。東(dong)莞建立的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)加工(gong)云平臺，已連(lian)接超過(guo)2000臺設(she)(she)備，通(tong)過(guo)實時數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)和工(gong)藝優(you)(you)化(hua)，使(shi)設(she)(she)備利用(yong)率(lv)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)25%，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗降(jiang)低(di)18%。同時，智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統可(ke)積累加工(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)，為(wei)(wei)工(gong)藝改(gai)進提(ti)供(gong)依據(ju)，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)行(xing)業從(cong)(cong)經驗(yan)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。####未來趨勢：化(hua)與(yu)綠色化(hua)并行(xing)隨著超精(jing)密數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、復(fu)(fu)合加工(gong)中心等(deng)(deng)設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)普及，五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)加工(gong)正(zheng)(zheng)向納米級精(jing)度邁進。而節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)型數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，使(shi)單位產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗降(jiang)低(di)30%，契合'雙碳'目標要(yao)求。預計到2025年(nian)，我國(guo)(guo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)化(hua)率(lv)將(jiang)突破(po)(po)70%，帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業規模突破(po)(po)3萬億元，形成(cheng)以裝備、智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)終端(duan)、新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源器件為(wei)(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)新增長極。數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)不僅是生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)具的(de)(de)(de)革命，更是五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型升(sheng)(sheng)級的(de)(de)(de)戰略支點(dian)。通(tong)過(guo)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新與(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業融合的(de)(de)(de)雙輪驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，中國(guo)(guo)五(wu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業正(zheng)(zheng)在書寫從(cong)(cong)'量(liang)變(bian)'到'質變(bian)'的(de)(de)(de)突圍新篇章(zhang)。

二、一(yi)次(ci)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)定位的原則 ：一(yi)次(ci)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)完成工(gong)(gong)件多工(gong)(gong)序加工(gong)(gong)是(shi)數(shu)控車床的根(gen)本(ben)加工(gong)(gong)特色。因此在承認工(gong)(gong)件加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝時(shi)，應當(dang)極限的匯集各加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序。盡可能(neng)地減少裝(zhuang)夾(jia)次(ci)數(shu)，以減少不必要的定位誤差(cha)和重(zhong)復裝(zhuang)夾(jia)進程。

三、先內后(hou)外的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原則 ：當(dang)待加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件既有內外表又有外表面(mian)需求加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，在安排加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)順序(xu)時，應(ying)進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)內外表加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)進行外表面(mian)，如進行分階段加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，也應(ying)行內外表面(mian)粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，后(hou)進行內外表面(mian)的(de)精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

四、先面(mian)(mian)后(hou)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)加工原則(ze)：前面(mian)(mian)我們說過，數(shu)控(kong)車(che)床(chuang)是一(yi)種(zhong)復合型的(de)(de)加工機床(chuang)，它不(bu)僅能夠(gou)進行(xing)(xing)車(che)削(xue)也可進行(xing)(xing)鏜削(xue)加工。關于(yu)待加工工件(jian)上既有(you)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)也有(you)孔(kong)(kong)時(shi)，應車(che)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)后(hou)鏜孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)順序進行(xing)(xing)、由于(yu)車(che)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)時(shi)切削(xue)力較大(da)，工件(jian)易(yi)發作變(bian)(bian)形(xing)，先車(che)面(mian)(mian)后(hou)鏜孔(kong)(kong)，使其(qi)有(you)一(yi)段時(shi)間恢復，待其(qi)恢復變(bian)(bian)形(xing)后(hou)再(zai)鏜孔(kong)(kong)，有(you)利于(yu)保(bao)證孔(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)加工精度(du)。

五金數控車床加工