剪(jian)力(li)(li)(li)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)技術解析剪(jian)力(li)(li)(li)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)是建筑(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)補強(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)技術，主要用(yong)于提升墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)抗剪(jian)承載(zai)力(li)(li)(li)、修(xiu)復損傷(shang)或滿足改造(zao)(zao)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求(qiu)。其(qi)是通(tong)(tong)過(guo)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)植(zhi)入(ru)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)，利(li)用(yong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)與(yu)混凝(ning)土(tu)形成錨固(gu)(gu)體(ti)系，增強(qiang)(qiang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)整(zheng)體(ti)性(xing)(xing)。一、技術原理通(tong)(tong)過(guo)電鉆(zhan)(zhan)在剪(jian)力(li)(li)(li)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)位置(zhi)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)，注(zhu)入(ru)改性(xing)(xing)環(huan)氧樹脂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)后植(zhi)入(ru)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)。膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)體(ti)固(gu)(gu)化后，鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)與(yu)混凝(ning)土(tu)形成高強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)黏結(jie)，使新(xin)舊結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)共同受力(li)(li)(li)。植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)滿足規范要求(qiu)（通(tong)(tong)常≥15d，d為(wei)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)直徑），確保錨固(gu)(gu)力(li)(li)(li)。二、施工(gong)流程(cheng)1.定位放線(xian)：依據設(she)(she)計(ji)圖(tu)紙(zhi)標定孔(kong)位2.鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)清孔(kong)：使用(yong)沖擊鉆(zhan)(zhan)成孔(kong)，深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)＞設(she)(she)計(ji)值(zhi)10mm，吹凈粉塵3.注(zhu)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)：采用(yong)注(zhu)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)至孔(kong)深(shen)2/3，緩慢旋入(ru)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)4.固(gu)(gu)化養護：25℃環(huan)境需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)靜置(zhi)24小時，低溫(wen)(wen)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)延長(chang)固(gu)(gu)化時間(jian)三、關鍵控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)點(dian)1.材(cai)料(liao)選擇：使用(yong)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)（抗拉強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)≥18MPa）2.孔(kong)徑匹配：鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)直徑與(yu)孔(kong)徑差值(zhi)宜(yi)為(wei)4-6mm3.溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)：施工(gong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)5-35℃為(wei)佳4.拉拔(ba)檢測：固(gu)(gu)化后需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進行現(xian)場拉拔(ba)試驗(yan)（抽檢率≥3‰）四、應用(yong)場景?增設(she)(she)構(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)柱/圈梁?擴建門窗洞口補強(qiang)(qiang)?結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)損傷(shang)修(xiu)復?抗震加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)改造(zao)(zao)五、注(zhu)意事(shi)項1.避開(kai)原結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)主筋(jin)(jin)位置(zhi)2.潮濕(shi)環(huan)境需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)采用(yong)水下(xia)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)3.垂直度(du)(du)(du)偏差≤1°4.需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)檢測機構(gou)(gou)(gou)驗(yan)收植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)具有定位靈活(huo)、施工(gong)快捷的(de)特點(dian)，但需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴格遵循《混凝(ning)土(tu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)設(she)(she)計(ji)規范》（GB50367）。建議委托具備特種的(de)單位實施，確保結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)安全。

植(zhi)(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)注意事項植(zhi)(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)是建筑結構(gou)(gou)(gou)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)的關(guan)鍵技術(shu)之一，其(qi)質量(liang)(liang)直接(jie)影響結構(gou)(gou)(gou)安(an)全，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中需(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)把控(kong)以下(xia)要點：1.**前期設(she)計與(yu)參數控(kong)制**-根據原(yuan)結構(gou)(gou)(gou)強度(du)(du)、荷載(zai)要求確(que)定(ding)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)規(gui)格(ge)（直徑(jing)12-32mm常用），植(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)深(shen)度(du)(du)需(xu)≥15倍(bei)(bei)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)直徑(jing)且(qie)≥100mm，間(jian)(jian)(jian)距不小于(yu)(yu)(yu)5倍(bei)(bei)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)直徑(jing)。-鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)直徑(jing)應(ying)比鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)大(da)4-8mm（如Φ20鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)選(xuan)Φ24-28孔(kong)），避(bi)免鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)過(guo)(guo)深(shen)損傷原(yuan)結構(gou)(gou)(gou)主筋(jin)(jin)。2.**材(cai)料選(xuan)擇(ze)與(yu)儲存(cun)**-選(xuan)用改性環(huan)(huan)氧類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)膠(jiao)(jiao)，需(xu)具備(bei)抗濕(shi)熱(re)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)、***檢測報告(gao)及(ji)抗震認證。-化(hua)(hua)學錨固(gu)(gu)(gu)劑應(ying)冷藏保存(cun)（5-25℃），過(guo)(guo)期或結塊材(cai)料禁止使(shi)用。3.**施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝要點**-鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)孔(kong)后采用三吹兩刷工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝清(qing)孔(kong)：先用高壓氣泵吹灰，尼(ni)龍刷清(qing)壁(bi)，擦拭，孔(kong)內含水率(lv)須＜5%。-注膠(jiao)(jiao)量(liang)(liang)需(xu)達孔(kong)深(shen)2/3，插(cha)入(ru)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)時保持單向旋轉以排(pai)除氣泡，膠(jiao)(jiao)體溢(yi)出孔(kong)口(kou)方(fang)為合格(ge)。-固(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)期間(jian)(jian)(jian)嚴(yan)禁擾動，常溫(wen)（25℃）養(yang)護24小時，低于(yu)(yu)(yu)10℃時延長至(zhi)48小時。4.**質量(liang)(liang)檢測標準**-拉拔試驗(yan)按5%比例抽檢且(qie)不少(shao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)3根，建筑植(zhi)(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)公(gong)司，抗拉強度(du)(du)需(xu)達鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)屈服強度(du)(du)標準值(zhi)的1.25倍(bei)(bei)。-使(shi)用內窺鏡檢查膠(jiao)(jiao)體飽滿度(du)(du)，空鼓率(lv)超過(guo)(guo)10%需(xu)返工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)處理。5.**安(an)全與(yu)特殊環(huan)(huan)境施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)**-高空作(zuo)業(ye)需(xu)搭設(she)操作(zuo)平臺，化(hua)(hua)學藥劑操作(zuo)人(ren)員(yuan)須佩戴防(fang)護手套及(ji)護目鏡。-雨雪天氣停止室外(wai)作(zuo)業(ye)，環(huan)(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)(du)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)-5℃時應(ying)采用低溫(wen)膠(jiao)(jiao)粘劑。施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)需(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)執行《混(hun)凝土結構(gou)(gou)(gou)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)設(she)計規(gui)范》GB50367要求，同(tong)步(bu)做好隱(yin)蔽(bi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗(yan)收記錄。重點把控(kong)清(qing)孔(kong)性、膠(jiao)(jiao)體密實度(du)(du)及(ji)養(yang)護時間(jian)(jian)(jian)三大(da)環(huan)(huan)節，確(que)保新舊結構(gou)(gou)(gou)協同(tong)受(shou)力。

植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)施(shi)工(gong)流程(cheng)(cheng)植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)是通過在混(hun)凝土結(jie)構中鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)并植(zhi)入(ru)(ru)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)，利用(yong)(yong)化(hua)學錨固(gu)(gu)劑實現新舊結(jie)構連接(jie)的技(ji)術，其(qi)施(shi)工(gong)流程(cheng)(cheng)如(ru)下：一、前期(qi)準備1.根據設(she)計圖紙確定植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)位置、孔(kong)(kong)(kong)徑(jing)及深度(du)(du)(du)，選擇(ze)符合要求的鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)和植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)膠(jiao)(jiao)；2.清理施(shi)工(gong)面，去除(chu)結(jie)構表面浮漿、油(you)污(wu)等(deng)雜質；3.準備電(dian)錘、吹風機(ji)、注膠(jiao)(jiao)器等(deng)施(shi)工(gong)機(ji)具。二、定位放線1.使用(yong)(yong)全站儀或鋼(gang)尺進(jin)行定位，標注鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)中心(xin)點；2.復核定位尺寸(cun)，允(yun)許偏差(cha)≤5mm；3.避(bi)開原結(jie)構鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)位置，必要時(shi)(shi)使用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)探測儀。三(san)、鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)施(shi)工(gong)1.按設(she)計要求鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)（孔(kong)(kong)(kong)徑(jing)為d+4～8mm，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)深15～20d）；2.保(bao)持(chi)鉆頭與基面垂直，深度(du)(du)(du)誤差(cha)≤5%；3.孔(kong)(kong)(kong)道清理：先用(yong)(yong)吹風機(ji)清除(chu)粉塵，再用(yong)(yong)毛刷清孔(kong)(kong)(kong)3次。四(si)、注膠(jiao)(jiao)植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)1.混(hun)合雙組分植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)膠(jiao)(jiao)至(zhi)均(jun)勻狀態（冬季需(xu)預熱）；2.注膠(jiao)(jiao)至(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)深2/3處(chu)，確保(bao)膠(jiao)(jiao)體飽滿(man)無氣(qi)泡(pao)；3.緩(huan)慢旋轉插入(ru)(ru)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)至(zhi)設(she)計深度(du)(du)(du)，調整(zheng)垂直度(du)(du)(du)；4.刮除(chu)外(wai)溢膠(jiao)(jiao)體，保(bao)持(chi)施(shi)工(gong)面整(zheng)潔。五、固(gu)(gu)化(hua)養護1.固(gu)(gu)化(hua)期(qi)間嚴禁擾(rao)動(dong)鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)（常溫24小時(shi)(shi)，5℃以下延(yan)長(chang)至(zhi)48小時(shi)(shi)）；2.環境溫度(du)(du)(du)低于-5℃時(shi)(shi)應(ying)采取加(jia)熱措施(shi)；3.固(gu)(gu)化(hua)后檢(jian)(jian)查膠(jiao)(jiao)體密實度(du)(du)(du)，空(kong)鼓率(lv)≤5%。六、質量(liang)驗收(shou)1.進(jin)行現場(chang)拉拔(ba)試(shi)驗（抽(chou)檢(jian)(jian)比例(li)≥3‰）；2.檢(jian)(jian)查植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)位置、外(wai)露長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)是否符合要求；3.填(tian)寫施(shi)工(gong)記錄，留存影(ying)像資料。注意事項(xiang)：施(shi)工(gong)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)佩戴防護裝備，避(bi)開雨雪(xue)天氣(qi)；植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)膠(jiao)(jiao)需(xu)通過抗(kang)老(lao)化(hua)、耐濕熱檢(jian)(jian)測；植(zhi)入(ru)(ru)深度(du)(du)(du)不足時(shi)(shi)需(xu)重(zhong)新鉆孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，嚴禁直接(jie)截斷鋼(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)。該工(gong)藝適用(yong)(yong)于梁柱接(jie)長(chang)、墻體加(jia)固(gu)(gu)等(deng)多種場(chang)景，施(shi)工(gong)質量(liang)直接(jie)影(ying)響結(jie)構安(an)全，須嚴格執行規范(fan)標準。