呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)機是(shi)(shi)一種通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)機械輔(fu)助(zhu)幫(bang)助(zhu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)維持(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)改善呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)，尤其對因疾病(bing)、手術(shu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)衰老(lao)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)功(gong)能減弱(ruo)的(de)(de)老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)至關重(zhong)要。其原(yuan)(yuan)理是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)正壓(ya)通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，將(jiang)含氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體主動送(song)(song)(song)入(ru)肺(fei)部，替(ti)代或(huo)(huo)(huo)增強患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)主呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)能力。**工(gong)(gong)作原(yuan)(yuan)理：**1.**氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體輸送(song)(song)(song)與(yu)壓(ya)力支持(chi)(chi)(chi)**呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)機通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道連接(jie)面罩或(huo)(huo)(huo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，將(jiang)混合氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體加(jia)壓(ya)后送(song)(song)(song)入(ru)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道。吸(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時，設(she)(she)(she)備根據預設(she)(she)(she)壓(ya)力或(huo)(huo)(huo)容量(liang)參(can)數，將(jiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體推入(ru)肺(fei)部，幫(bang)助(zhu)擴張肺(fei)泡(pao)，促進氧(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)交換；呼(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時降(jiang)低壓(ya)力，依(yi)靠肺(fei)部彈性(xing)回縮(suo)排出(chu)二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)。此過(guo)(guo)程可緩解因肌力不(bu)足（如(ru)慢性(xing)阻(zu)塞(sai)性(xing)）或(huo)(huo)(huo)神經控制異常（如(ru)后）導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)困(kun)難。2.**模式(shi)適配(pei)**-**無(wu)創通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（如(ru)C/Bi）**：通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)面罩提供持(chi)(chi)(chi)續或(huo)(huo)(huo)雙水平氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道正壓(ya)，適用(yong)于輕(qing)中度(du)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)衰竭(jie)的(de)(de)老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)，如(ru)睡眠呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)暫停或(huo)(huo)(huo)COPD急性(xing)發作。-**有創通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)**：經氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)插(cha)(cha)管(guan)(guan)(guan)建立人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道，用(yong)于嚴(yan)重(zhong)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)衰竭(jie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)術(shu)后無(wu)法自(zi)(zi)主呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)，可控制潮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)、呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)頻率和(he)氧(yang)濃度(du)。3.**參(can)數調(diao)節與(yu)安(an)全保(bao)障**根據患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)肺(fei)功(gong)能、血氧(yang)飽和(he)度(du)等指標，醫(yi)護人(ren)(ren)員設(she)(she)(she)置潮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)（每次送(song)(song)(song)入(ru)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體量(liang)）、呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)頻率、吸(xi)(xi)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)比等參(can)數。老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)因肺(fei)彈性(xing)下降(jiang)，常需較低潮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)和(he)高(gao)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末正壓(ya)（PEEP）以防止肺(fei)泡(pao)塌(ta)陷。設(she)(she)(she)備內置傳感器實時監測氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道壓(ya)力、流量(liang)，異常時觸發警(jing)報(bao)（如(ru)漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、阻(zu)塞(sai)），避免(mian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)傷。**老(lao)年(nian)(nian)應用(yong)特點：**-濕(shi)化(hua)系統加(jia)溫加(jia)濕(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體，減少黏膜干燥損傷；-逐步撤機模式(shi)幫(bang)助(zhu)恢復自(zi)(zi)主呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)能力；-減少呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)肌耗能，改善氧(yang)合，降(jiang)低心臟(zang)負荷。呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)機需嚴(yan)格在(zai)醫(yi)療監護下使用(yong)，不(bu)當設(she)(she)(she)置可能導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)肺(fei)損傷或(huo)(huo)(huo)二氧(yang)化(hua)碳(tan)潴(zhu)留。其本(ben)質是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)機械支持(chi)(chi)(chi)，瑞思邁呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)機專賣店，為老(lao)年(nian)(nian)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)爭取(qu)治療時間并提升生存質量(liang)。

飛(fei)利(li)浦呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)機提供(gong)多種(zhong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，瑞思邁(mai)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)機專(zhuan)賣店，可滿足不(bu)同(tong)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)需(xu)求(qiu)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)涵蓋無(wu)(wu)創與(yu)有(you)創通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)場(chang)景。以下是其模(mo)(mo)式(shi)分(fen)類(lei)及功(gong)能特(te)點(dian)：###一、基礎通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)1.**C（持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)續氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)正壓(ya)(ya)通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）**適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)阻塞性(xing)(xing)(xing)睡眠呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)暫停（OSA）患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)維持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)開放(fang)，防止睡眠中上呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)道(dao)塌(ta)陷。壓(ya)(ya)力(li)值根據患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)需(xu)求(qiu)預(yu)設，無(wu)(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)送氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)觸發(fa)。2.**S模(mo)(mo)式(shi)（Spontaneous，自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)）**患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)觸發(fa)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)機送氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)機同(tong)步(bu)提供(gong)預(yu)設吸(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)（I）和呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)（E）。適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)意識清(qing)醒、呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，如慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)阻塞性(xing)(xing)(xing)（COPD）急性(xing)(xing)(xing)加重(zhong)期。3.**T模(mo)(mo)式(shi)（Timed，時(shi)間(jian)控(kong)制模(mo)(mo)式(shi)）**完全(quan)由設備(bei)按設定(ding)(ding)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)頻率強制送氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)能力(li)的(de)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，如神經肌肉(rou)疾病(bing)導致(zhi)的(de)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)衰竭。4.**S/T模(mo)(mo)式(shi)（自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/時(shi)間(jian)控(kong)制混合模(mo)(mo)式(shi)）**結合S與(yu)T模(mo)(mo)式(shi)特(te)點(dian)，若患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)頻率低于(yu)(yu)預(yu)設值，呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)機自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)切換為(wei)時(shi)間(jian)控(kong)制通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，確(que)保通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)。常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)病(bing)情波動(dong)(dong)(dong)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。---###二、智能模(mo)(mo)式(shi)1.**AVAPS（平(ping)(ping)(ping)均容積(ji)保證壓(ya)(ya)力(li)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）**通(tong)(tong)(tong)過動(dong)(dong)(dong)態調(diao)(diao)(diao)整I水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，保證患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)潮氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)在目(mu)標范圍(wei)內(nei)。適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)肌無(wu)(wu)力(li)但需(xu)維持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)的(de)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，如漸凍癥（ALS）。2.**iVAPS（智能容積(ji)保證壓(ya)(ya)力(li)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）**飛(fei)利(li)浦算(suan)(suan)法(fa)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)，根據患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)代(dai)謝需(xu)求(qiu)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)計算(suan)(suan)目(mu)標分(fen)鐘通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)，并(bing)實(shi)時(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)節壓(ya)(ya)力(li)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。可適(shi)應(ying)(ying)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)晝(zhou)夜呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)變化，減少人工調(diao)(diao)(diao)參需(xu)求(qiu)。3.**Auto-Bi（自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)雙(shuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)正壓(ya)(ya)通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）**自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)監(jian)測氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)阻力(li)與(yu)漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)態調(diao)(diao)(diao)整I/E壓(ya)(ya)力(li)差(cha)，優化人機同(tong)步(bu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)量(liang)不(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)家庭無(wu)(wu)創通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)場(chang)景。---###三、特(te)殊功(gong)能模(mo)(mo)式(shi)-**PC（壓(ya)(ya)力(li)控(kong)制通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）**：限定(ding)(ding)吸(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)限制肺損險的(de)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。-**PSV（壓(ya)(ya)力(li)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）**：患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)觸發(fa)后提供(gong)增壓(ya)(ya)輔助，減少呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)做功(gong)。-**NIV（無(wu)(wu)創通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）**：集成漏氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)補償技(ji)術，適(shi)配面罩通(tong)(tong)(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)場(chang)景，降低誤(wu)觸發(fa)風(feng)險。飛(fei)利(li)浦呼(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)機（如TrilogyEvo、V60）通(tong)(tong)(tong)過Auto-Trak自(zi)(zi)適(shi)應(ying)(ying)技(ji)術實(shi)現氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流同(tong)步(bu)，部分(fen)型(xing)號支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)遠(yuan)程監(jian)控(kong)，滿足從(cong)家庭護理(li)到ICU的(de)多場(chang)景需(xu)求(qiu)。模(mo)(mo)式(shi)選擇(ze)需(xu)依(yi)據患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)病(bing)理(li)生理(li)特(te)點(dian)及臨(lin)床評估確(que)定(ding)(ding)。

老年(nian)人呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)指(zhi)南呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是輔助(zhu)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)重(zhong)要，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于多(duo)種(zhong)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)功(gong)能(neng)障礙的(de)老年(nian)患者。主要分為(wei)無(wu)(wu)創呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（經面罩通氣(qi)）和(he)有創呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（氣(qi)管插(cha)管）兩種(zhong)類(lei)型。【適用(yong)(yong)(yong)人群】1.慢性阻塞(sai)性肺(fei)疾病（COPD）急性加重(zhong)期(qi)2.導(dao)致的(de)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)衰竭3.睡眠(mian)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)暫停(ting)綜合征（OSAHS）4.神經肌肉疾病（如漸凍(dong)癥）5.術后呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)功(gong)能(neng)恢(hui)復(fu)【使用(yong)(yong)(yong)注(zhu)意事項】1.參數(shu)設置：需(xu)(xu)(xu)由醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生根據(ju)血氣(qi)分析(xi)結果調整氧濃度、呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)頻(pin)率和(he)壓力值。居家使用(yong)(yong)(yong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)定期(qi)復(fu)查，避免自行調整參數(shu)。2.氣(qi)道(dao)管理：-無(wu)(wu)創呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)(xu)(xu)選擇合適尺寸的(de)面罩，佩戴松緊度以可插(cha)入1指(zhi)為(wei)宜-每2小時(shi)檢查皮(pi)膚(fu)受壓情況，瑞思(si)邁呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)維(wei)修(xiu)，預(yu)防(fang)壓瘡-使用(yong)(yong)(yong)加濕(shi)器(qi)維(wei)持氣(qi)道(dao)濕(shi)潤(run)（濕(shi)度40-60%）3.預(yu)防(fang)：-腹脹患者可抬高床頭(tou)30°-出(chu)現(xian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)立即停(ting)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)-定期(qi)消毒管路(lu)（每周2次），預(yu)防(fang)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相關性【設備維(wei)護】1.每日清潔面罩和(he)過(guo)濾(lv)棉2.每月(yue)更換(huan)空氣(qi)過(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)3.每2000小時(shi)更換(huan)主機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)傳感器(qi)4.備用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)源需(xu)(xu)(xu)每月(yue)充放電(dian)維(wei)護特別提(ti)示：長期(qi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)老人需(xu)(xu)(xu)配(pei)合呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)康復(fu)訓練（如縮唇呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)），并定期(qi)進行肺(fei)功(gong)能(neng)評(ping)估。家屬應學會觀(guan)察指(zhi)脈(mo)氧數(shu)據(ju)（正常值≥95%），三明瑞思(si)邁呼(hu)(hu)(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，發現(xian)異常及時(shi)就醫(yi)(yi)(yi)。心理疏導(dao)同(tong)樣重(zhong)要，需(xu)(xu)(xu)幫助(zhu)老人建立治(zhi)療信(xin)心。（注(zhu)：本文(wen)內(nei)容(rong)僅供參考，具體治(zhi)療請遵醫(yi)(yi)(yi)囑）