邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)：環保(bao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)并重(zhong)的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)隨著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設向(xiang)復(fu)(fu)雜地(di)(di)質(zhi)區(qu)域延伸，邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)需在保(bao)障工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)同時(shi)(shi)，兼顧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)持續發展。現(xian)(xian)代施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，環保(bao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)并重(zhong)的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)理念正推(tui)動支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝革新(xin)，形成以生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態友好型(xing)(xing)材(cai)料和智能(neng)化監(jian)(jian)測為的(de)綜合(he)(he)解決方(fang)(fang)案。**環保(bao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)用**1.**生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態護(hu)坡(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)**：采(cai)(cai)用三(san)維(wei)植被(bei)網、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態混凝土(tu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)材(cai)料替代傳統(tong)硬化結(jie)構，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)植生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)袋(dai)與(yu)(yu)(yu)錨(mao)桿組(zu)合(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)固(gu)土(tu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)綠化同步(bu)完(wan)(wan)成。在貴南(nan)高鐵(tie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)分層種(zhong)植耐旱草種(zhong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)灌木，邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)植被(bei)覆蓋率提(ti)升(sheng)至85%以上(shang)。2.**低(di)碳施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝**：運用裝配(pei)式擋土(tu)墻技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)減(jian)少現(xian)(xian)場(chang)混凝土(tu)澆筑(zhu)，結(jie)合(he)(he)測繪優化土(tu)方(fang)(fang)開(kai)挖量(liang)，土(tu)質(zhi)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)，降低(di)碳排放30%。采(cai)(cai)用可(ke)回收(shou)鋼制土(tu)釘與(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物降解纖(xian)維(wei)材(cai)料，減(jian)少工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程垃圾(ji)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。**安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管控體系(xi)**1.**智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)測系(xi)統(tong)**：部(bu)署北斗高精度(du)位移監(jian)(jian)測站與(yu)(yu)(yu)光(guang)纖(xian)應(ying)力傳感(gan)器，實(shi)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)集邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)變(bian)形、地(di)(di)下水位等(deng)(deng)(deng)12項(xiang)參數，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)BIM模型(xing)(xing)動態預(yu)警風險。成昆鐵(tie)路復(fu)(fu)線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)，該(gai)系(xi)統(tong)提(ti)前72小時(shi)(shi)預(yu)警局部(bu)滑移險情，避免事故發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。2.**分級(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)設計**：基(ji)于地(di)(di)質(zhi)雷達(da)與(yu)(yu)(yu)傾斜(xie)攝影數據(ju)，建(jian)立巖體結(jie)構面(mian)三(san)維(wei)模型(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)用預(yu)應(ying)力錨(mao)索（800-1500kN）與(yu)(yu)(yu)微(wei)型(xing)(xing)樁組(zu)合(he)(he)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)，企石邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)強風化巖層支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)效率提(ti)升(sheng)40%。設置應(ying)急排水盲溝與(yu)(yu)(yu)緩沖平臺(tai)，形成多級(ji)防(fang)護(hu)體系(xi)。**協(xie)同管理創新(xin)**建(jian)立'邊(bian)(bian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、邊(bian)(bian)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)'機制，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期同步(bu)開(kai)展表土(tu)剝離保(bao)存(cun)與(yu)(yu)(yu)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物土(tu)壤改良，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)完(wan)(wan)成度(du)達(da)90%。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)VR安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)培訓(xun)、智能(neng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帽定位等(deng)(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)零傷亡率。此(ci)類技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)已(yi)在川藏鐵(tie)路、白(bai)鶴(he)灘水電站等(deng)(deng)(deng)國(guo)家重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程驗證(zheng)，證(zheng)明環保(bao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)可(ke)降低(di)后(hou)期維(wei)護(hu)成本60%，智能(neng)監(jian)(jian)測使事故響應(ying)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)縮短(duan)至15分鐘內。未(wei)來(lai)發展方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)將(jiang)聚(ju)焦地(di)(di)聚(ju)合(he)(he)物注(zhu)漿材(cai)料、植物根系(xi)-支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)結(jie)構耦合(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)創新(xin)領域，推(tui)動邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程向(xiang)綠色化、智慧(hui)化升(sheng)級(ji)。

邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)防(fang)落石(shi)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)策略體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)工程中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)對落石(shi)沖(chong)擊(ji)(ji)需(xu)構(gou)建(jian)'預(yu)(yu)防(fang)-攔(lan)(lan)截(jie)-緩(huan)沖(chong)'三(san)位一體(ti)(ti)(ti)的防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)，重點(dian)從(cong)以下(xia)方面(mian)實(shi)施(shi)：1.主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)采用(yong)GPS2型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)網(wang)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，通(tong)過(guo)預(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)鋼(gang)繩錨(mao)桿將高(gao)強度(du)鋼(gang)絲網(wang)錨(mao)固(gu)于(yu)坡(po)(po)(po)面(mian)。網(wang)孔(kong)(kong)規格通(tong)常選(xuan)用(yong)50×50mm，抗拉強度(du)不低于(yu)1770MPa。結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)坡(po)(po)(po)面(mian)清危(wei)作業(ye)清除危(wei)巖(yan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)后，土方邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)支護(hu)(hu)(hu)，對裂隙發育區實(shi)施(shi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)注(zhu)漿加固(gu)，注(zhu)漿孔(kong)(kong)深度(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)穿(chuan)透潛(qian)在滑(hua)裂面(mian)1.5m以上。配(pei)套設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)截(jie)水(shui)溝和排水(shui)孔(kong)(kong)，控(kong)制孔(kong)(kong)隙水(shui)壓(ya)上升。2.被動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)攔(lan)(lan)截(jie)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)在坡(po)(po)(po)腳設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)RX-050型(xing)(xing)環形(xing)網(wang)被動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，邊(bian)坡(po)(po)(po)支護(hu)(hu)(hu)價格，立(li)柱(zhu)間距10m，高(gao)度(du)4-6m。系(xi)統(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)應(ying)(ying)(ying)滿足(zu)50kJ-500kJ能量(liang)等級要求，選(xuan)用(yong)熱鍍鋅+覆塑雙重防(fang)腐處理構(gou)件。緩(huan)沖(chong)區內布置(zhi)(zhi)柔性攔(lan)(lan)石(shi)柵欄，采用(yong)H型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)立(li)柱(zhu)配(pei)合(he)(he)鋼(gang)繩網(wang)格，設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)30°仰角以增強能量(liang)耗散(san)效(xiao)果。3.結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)補強措施(shi)針對特大危(wei)巖(yan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)實(shi)施(shi)預(yu)(yu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)錨(mao)索(suo)加固(gu)，采用(yong)1860級鋼(gang)絞線(xian)，錨(mao)固(gu)段長度(du)按10m設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)，張(zhang)拉鎖定值(zhi)取設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)荷載(zai)的110%。結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)重力(li)(li)式擋墻(qiang)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)，墻(qiang)背設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)500mm厚級配(pei)碎石(shi)緩(huan)沖(chong)層，墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)Φ100mm泄水(shui)孔(kong)(kong)，縱向間距2m呈梅花形(xing)布置(zhi)(zhi)。4.智能監測(ce)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)布設(she)(she)(she)北(bei)斗位移監測(ce)站，采樣頻率(lv)≥1Hz，精度(du)達毫米級。安裝加速度(du)傳感器(qi)網(wang)絡，實(shi)時監測(ce)巖(yan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)震動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)特征。通(tong)過(guo)物聯網(wang)平臺建(jian)立(li)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)力(li)(li)學模(mo)型(xing)(xing)，實(shi)現風險(xian)預(yu)(yu)警與(yu)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)性能動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)態評估。工程實(shi)施(shi)需(xu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)地質(zhi)雷達探測(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果，采用(yong)傾斜攝影建(jian)立(li)三(san)維(wei)(wei)(wei)地質(zhi)模(mo)型(xing)(xing)。防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)應(ying)(ying)(ying)滿足(zu)50年重現期(qi)(qi)標準，綜合(he)(he)防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)效(xiao)率(lv)不低于(yu)95%。定期(qi)(qi)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)周期(qi)(qi)不超過(guo)6個(ge)月(yue)，重點(dian)檢(jian)查(cha)錨(mao)固(gu)件腐蝕狀況和結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)變形(xing)量(liang)。

邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)支護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)為巖(yan)土工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)重要領域，近(jin)年來(lai)通過(guo)(guo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)(xin)實(shi)現了(le)安全性(xing)(xing)與生態效益的(de)協同提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)。以下(xia)是三類具(ju)有(you)代表性(xing)(xing)的(de)創新(xin)(xin)方法：**一(yi)、生態友好型支護(hu)(hu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)**傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)支護(hu)(hu)多采用混凝土或鋼(gang)結(jie)構(gou)，新(xin)(xin)型生態支護(hu)(hu)通過(guo)(guo)植被與工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)的(de)融合(he)實(shi)現雙重效益。例如，三維(wei)(wei)植被網墊技(ji)術(shu)(shu)采用可降解材料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定表層土壤，配(pei)合(he)根系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)發達的(de)植物(wu)形成'加筋'系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。在(zai)浙江某(mou)高(gao)速公路邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)項目(mu)中，該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)使(shi)(shi)抗(kang)剪強度提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)40%，同時降低雨(yu)水沖刷量60%。更(geng)的(de)微(wei)生物(wu)誘導碳(tan)酸(suan)鈣沉淀（MICP）技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，通過(guo)(guo)本(ben)土菌群生成膠(jiao)結(jie)物(wu)，可在(zai)30天內使(shi)(shi)砂土邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)抗(kang)壓強度提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)至3MPa，兼具(ju)低碳(tan)環保(bao)特性(xing)(xing)。**二(er)、智能監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)預(yu)警系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)**基于物(wu)聯網的(de)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)正(zheng)改變傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)人工(gong)巡檢模式(shi)。分布(bu)式(shi)光(guang)纖傳(chuan)(chuan)感系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可實(shi)時監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)0.01mm級(ji)(ji)的(de)形變，北斗高(gao)精(jing)度定位技(ji)術(shu)(shu)能毫米(mi)(mi)級(ji)(ji)位移。云南某(mou)露天礦引入的(de)智能監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)平(ping)臺，通過(guo)(guo)200個傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)節點構(gou)建三維(wei)(wei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)網，結(jie)合(he)機(ji)器(qi)學習算(suan)法，成功預(yu)警三次潛在(zai)滑坡(po)(po)，響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)時間較傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)方式(shi)縮短85%。5G技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)應(ying)(ying)用更(geng)實(shi)現了(le)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)數(shu)據的(de)毫秒級(ji)(ji)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸。**三、模塊化組合(he)支護(hu)(hu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)**針對復雜地質條件，新(xin)(xin)型組合(he)結(jie)構(gou)展現出(chu)顯著(zhu)優勢。預(yu)應(ying)(ying)力錨索與土工(gong)格(ge)室組合(he)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)重慶某(mou)高(gao)陡邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，通過(guo)(guo)三維(wei)(wei)受力重構(gou)使(shi)(shi)支護(hu)(hu)效率提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)50%。可拆卸式(shi)微(wei)型鋼(gang)管樁(zhuang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)采用裝配(pei)式(shi)施工(gong)，單日可完成20延米(mi)(mi)支護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)業(ye)，特別適用于搶險工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。某(mou)鐵路邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)采用該技(ji)術(shu)(shu)后，工(gong)期縮短40%，材料(liao)(liao)損耗降低35%。這些創新(xin)(xin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)通過(guo)(guo)多學科交叉融合(he)，推動(dong)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向智能化、綠色化方向發展。未(wei)來(lai)隨著(zhu)數(shu)字孿生、生物(wu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)滲透(tou)，邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)支護(hu)(hu)將形成更(geng)具(ju)適應(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)的(de)動(dong)態防護(hu)(hu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，為基礎設(she)施建設(she)提(ti)供保(bao)障(zhang)。