光伏(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)是一套光伏(fu)系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)部(bu)分，那么(me)它是怎(zen)樣制造(zao)的(de)呢？從上(shang)游的(de)原(yuan)材料到終的(de)光伏(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)產(chan)品，需要經過多晶(jing)硅(gui)料、硅(gui)錠(ding)/硅(gui)棒、光伏(fu)電池片、光伏(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)等四(si)個環節，太陽能發電組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，然后(hou)才能鋪在屋頂上(shang)發電。光伏(fu)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中多晶(jing)組(zu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)制造(zao)流程就相(xiang)對(dui)“粗放(fang)”一些，在多晶(jing)爐中直(zhi)接(jie)融化多晶(jing)硅(gui)制作成“多晶(jing)硅(gui)錠(ding)”，由于是直(zhi)接(jie)鑄錠(ding)而非(fei)緩慢生(sheng)長，硅(gui)錠(ding)的(de)內部(bu)晶(jing)粒相(xiang)對(dui)雜(za)亂無章一些。

光伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)原材(cai)料：光伏(fu)(fu)玻璃。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)采用的(de)面(mian)板玻璃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)低鐵超白絨(rong)面(mian)鋼(gang)化(hua)玻璃。一般厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)3．2mm和4mm，鹽城太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)，建材(cai)型太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)有(you)時要(yao)(yao)用到5~10mm厚(hou)度(du)的(de)鋼(gang)化(hua)玻璃，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)公司(si)，但無論厚(hou)薄都要(yao)(yao)求透光率在90％以上(shang)。光伏(fu)(fu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)為(wei)了獲得良好的(de)導電(dian)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)片往(wang)往(wang)采用銀漿導電(dian)。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)片上(shang)的(de)白亮色就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鍍(du)上(shang)去的(de)銀漿用于導電(dian)。單(dan)體太(tai)陽(yang)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)直接做電(dian)源使用。作電(dian)源必須(xu)將若干單(dan)體電(dian)池(chi)(chi)串、并聯(lian)連接和嚴密封裝成組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)（也(ye)叫太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板）是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)中的(de)部(bu)分(fen)，光伏(fu)(fu)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)中的(de)部(bu)分(fen)。

太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件的(de)作(zuo)用是將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，或送往蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中存(cun)儲起來，或推(tui)動(dong)負載工(gong)作(zuo)。對正負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，由于在PN結區域(yu)的(de)正負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)被分離，因而可以產生一個外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)從晶體硅片電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)底(di)端經過負載流(liu)(liu)至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)頂端。 這就是 “光(guang)生伏打效應”。多晶硅太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)制作(zuo)工(gong)藝與單(dan)晶硅太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)差(cha)不多，但是多晶硅太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率則要降低(di)不少，其光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率約(yue)12%左右。厚度為 0. 5mm的(de)EVA膜層作(zuo)為太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)密封(feng)劑和與玻璃、TPT之間的(de)連接劑。具有較高的(de)透光(guang)率和抗老(lao)化能(neng)力。