房屋建筑(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)是一(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)技術性(xing)(xing)強、安全(quan)(quan)要(yao)求高的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，需(xu)遵循科學(xue)規(gui)(gui)范與(yu)指導。以下(xia)是關鍵注意(yi)事項(xiang)(xiang)：###一(yi)、前期(qi)(qi)安全(quan)(quan)評估與(yu)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)前必須委托機構(gou)對建筑(zhu)(zhu)進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，包(bao)括結(jie)(jie)構(gou)承(cheng)載力(li)(li)、裂(lie)縫分(fen)布(bu)、地基沉(chen)降、材料(liao)老化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)等。重點排(pai)查(cha)墻體(ti)傾(qing)斜、梁柱開裂(lie)、混凝(ning)土碳(tan)化(hua)等問(wen)題，明(ming)確需(xu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)薄弱(ruo)部位，避(bi)免(mian)盲目(mu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。###二、科學(xue)制定(ding)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)方案(an)根據檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)，由具備資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計單位編制加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)方案(an)。方案(an)需(xu)符合(he)《建筑(zhu)(zhu)抗(kang)震加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)技術規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》等規(gui)(gui)范要(yao)求，選擇與(yu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)匹(pi)配的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)方法（如碳(tan)纖(xian)維布(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)、粘(zhan)(zhan)鋼(gang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)、增設(she)剪力(li)(li)墻等）。避(bi)免(mian)過(guo)度(du)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)或加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)不足，需(xu)兼顧經(jing)濟性(xing)(xing)與(yu)安全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)。###三、嚴控(kong)材料(liao)與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)1.**材料(liao)選擇**：使(shi)用符合(he)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)材料(liao)，如碳(tan)纖(xian)維布(bu)需(xu)達(da)到抗(kang)拉強度(du)≥3400MPa，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)膠(jiao)須通過(guo)耐(nai)濕熱(re)老化(hua)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)。2.**工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝規(gui)(gui)范**：粘(zhan)(zhan)鋼(gang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)需(xu)除銹(xiu)并(bing)控(kong)制膠(jiao)層厚度(du)；混凝(ning)土置(zhi)換需(xu)分(fen)段澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)并(bing)充分(fen)振搗；植(zhi)筋深度(du)應(ying)≥15d（d為(wei)鋼(gang)筋直徑）。3.**節點處理**：新舊結(jie)(jie)構(gou)連接(jie)(jie)部位應(ying)設(she)置(zhi)錨(mao)固(gu)(gu)(gu)筋或化(hua)學(xue)錨(mao)栓，確保(bao)有(you)效傳(chuan)力(li)(li)。###四(si)、注重結(jie)(jie)構(gou)整體(ti)性(xing)(xing)避(bi)免(mian)局部加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)導致剛(gang)度(du)突變，需(xu)統籌考慮荷(he)(he)載傳(chuan)遞路徑。例(li)如加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)樓板時需(xu)同(tong)步驗(yan)算梁柱承(cheng)載力(li)(li)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)墻體(ti)時應(ying)設(she)置(zhi)封閉(bi)圈梁構(gou)造柱。對于歷史建筑(zhu)(zhu)，需(xu)保(bao)留原(yuan)有(you)受力(li)(li)體(ti)系特(te)征。###五、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)安全(quan)(quan)管理1.設(she)置(zhi)臨(lin)時支撐體(ti)系，防止(zhi)拆除承(cheng)重構(gou)件(jian)時發生坍塌2.避(bi)開雨天進行(xing)室外粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)(jie)作業，環境溫度(du)宜在5℃-35℃之間3.對水(shui)電管線(xian)進行(xing)遷移保(bao)護(hu)，嚴禁破壞未標注的(de)(de)(de)隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)###六、驗(yan)收與(yu)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)維護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)需(xu)進行(xing)荷(he)(he)載試驗(yan)驗(yan)收，并(bing)定(ding)期(qi)(qi)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)部位是否有(you)開裂(lie)、脫膠(jiao)等現象(xiang)。磚(zhuan)混結(jie)(jie)構(gou)建筑(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)后(hou)(hou)3年(nian)內應(ying)進行(xing)沉(chen)降觀測(ce)(ce)，每年(nian)不少于2次(ci)。特(te)別提示：涉及主體(ti)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)變動的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，必須依法辦理施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)許可手續。建議(yi)委托具備特(te)種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)承(cheng)包(bao)資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)單位實(shi)施(shi)(shi)，確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)合(he)法合(he)規(gui)(gui)。

設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)是(shi)指通(tong)過技術手(shou)段和管(guan)理(li)(li)措施提升設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)性，降低或破壞(huai)的(de)風險。其在于構建(jian)(jian)多層次的(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，建(jian)(jian)筑加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)公司，覆蓋物理(li)(li)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)等(deng)(deng)維(wei)度。一、物理(li)(li)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)1.環境防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)：部(bu)署(shu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)雷擊(ji)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)水淹設(she)(she)施，配備(bei)(bei)UPS不間斷電(dian)源保(bao)障(zhang)電(dian)力穩定。2.訪問控制(zhi)：機房(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)置(zhi)生物識別門禁(jin)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)，重要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)子鎖具(ju)，實施24小時視(shi)頻監控。3.硬(ying)件防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)：服務器采用(yong)機架(jia)固(gu)定，關鍵部(bu)件設(she)(she)置(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)拆(chai)卸報警裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，存儲設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)使用(yong)硬(ying)件加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)密(mi)(mi)模(mo)塊(kuai)。二、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)1.權限(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)：遵循小權限(xian)原(yuan)則，禁(jin)用(yong)默認(ren)賬(zhang)戶，實施三權分立(li)(li)管(guan)理(li)(li)機制(zhi)。2.漏洞修補：建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)補丁管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)度，對(dui)Windows/Linux系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)啟(qi)用(yong)自動安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)更新，定期(qi)進行(xing)漏洞掃(sao)描。3.服務優化：關閉非必要(yao)(yao)端(duan)口(kou)（如135-139、445等(deng)(deng)高危端(duan)口(kou)），禁(jin)用(yong)Telnet、FTP等(deng)(deng)明文(wen)協(xie)議服務。三、網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)1.邊界防(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)：部(bu)署(shu)下(xia)一代防(fang)(fang)(fang)火(huo)墻，配置(zhi)IPS防(fang)(fang)(fang)御規則，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)DMZ隔(ge)離區(qu)。2.通(tong)信加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)密(mi)(mi)：強制(zhi)使用(yong)TLS1.2+協(xie)議，對(dui)SSH/連接啟(qi)用(yong)證書認(ren)證，禁(jin)用(yong)弱加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)密(mi)(mi)算法(fa)。3.流(liu)量(liang)(liang)監控：部(bu)署(shu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)分析(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，設(she)(she)置(zhi)異常流(liu)量(liang)(liang)閾值告警，建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)NetFlow日志審計(ji)機制(zhi)。四、數(shu)據(ju)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)措施1.加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)密(mi)(mi)存儲：對(dui)敏感數(shu)據(ju)實施AES-256全(quan)盤加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)密(mi)(mi)，數(shu)據(ju)庫字段級加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)密(mi)(mi)，密(mi)(mi)鑰(yao)實行(xing)HSM托管(guan)。2.備(bei)(bei)份(fen)機制(zhi)：采用(yong)3-2-1備(bei)(bei)份(fen)策(ce)略，本地RAID陣列+異地云(yun)存儲，每(mei)(mei)月進行(xing)恢復(fu)演(yan)練。3.日志審計(ji)：集中收集系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)日志，保(bao)留周期(qi)不少于180天，房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)筑加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)，配置(zhi)SIEM進行(xing)關聯分析(xi)。設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)需要(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)持(chi)續改進機制(zhi)，每(mei)(mei)季(ji)度開展滲(shen)透測(ce)試，每(mei)(mei)年進行(xing)等(deng)(deng)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)測(ce)評。通(tong)過技術加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)（70%）與管(guan)理(li)(li)流(liu)程（30%）相結(jie)合，形成縱深(shen)防(fang)(fang)(fang)御體系(xi)(xi)(xi)，有效應對(dui)0day漏洞、APT攻擊(ji)等(deng)(deng)新型威脅，將安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)風險降低至可(ke)接受水平。

廠(chang)(chang)房加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)是(shi)提(ti)升(sheng)建筑結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)安全性(xing)和(he)延長使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)，主要(yao)針對結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)、荷(he)(he)載增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)功(gong)能改(gai)(gai)變或(huo)(huo)抗(kang)震等(deng)(deng)級不足等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況(kuang)。以下是(shi)廠(chang)(chang)房加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)的(de)要(yao)點：###一、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)原因1.**結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)老(lao)化(hua)(hua)**：混凝土(tu)碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)、鋼筋銹蝕導致承(cheng)載力(li)下降(jiang)；2.**荷(he)(he)載變化(hua)(hua)**：設(she)備(bei)(bei)升(sheng)級或(huo)(huo)倉(cang)儲需(xu)(xu)求增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)原有(you)荷(he)(he)載；3.**災(zai)害影(ying)響(xiang)**：、火災(zai)后結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)受(shou)(shou)損(sun)；4.**規范(fan)更新**：現(xian)行抗(kang)震標準高(gao)于(yu)原設(she)計(ji)。###二、實(shi)施(shi)流(liu)程1.**檢測**：通過結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)測繪、材料強度測試、裂縫分析等(deng)(deng)評估(gu)現(xian)狀；2.**方(fang)案設(she)計(ji)**：根據檢測報告選擇加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)方(fang)式(shi)，需(xu)(xu)符合(he)(he)《混凝土(tu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)設(she)計(ji)規范(fan)》；3.**施(shi)工監(jian)管(guan)**：由(you)特種(zhong)單位施(shi)工，重(zhong)點控制節點連接(jie)質(zhi)量。###三、常(chang)用(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)1.**碳(tan)纖維加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)**：粘貼碳(tan)纖維布提(ti)升(sheng)梁柱(zhu)抗(kang)彎/抗(kang)剪(jian)能力(li)，橋梁加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)，適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)受(shou)(shou)限場景(jing)；2.**粘鋼加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)**：鋼板與混凝土(tu)協同受(shou)(shou)力(li)，快速提(ti)高(gao)承(cheng)載力(li)；3.**截面(mian)增(zeng)**：外(wai)包(bao)混凝土(tu)+新增(zeng)鋼筋，改(gai)(gai)善柱(zhu)體承(cheng)重(zhong)性(xing)能；4.**基礎加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)**：采用(yong)(yong)靜(jing)壓樁或(huo)(huo)注漿技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)處理地基沉降(jiang)。###四、注意事(shi)項1.嚴禁擅自改(gai)(gai)動承(cheng)重(zhong)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)，需(xu)(xu)經結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)工程師驗算；2.選擇環氧樹脂膠(jiao)等(deng)(deng)膠(jiao)粘劑，確保材料耐(nai)久性(xing)；3.施(shi)工期間(jian)(jian)需(xu)(xu)設(she)置臨時支撐(cheng)體系，實(shi)施(shi)動態監(jian)測；4.加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)后需(xu)(xu)進行荷(he)(he)載試驗，驗收(shou)合(he)(he)格方(fang)可投入使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。廠(chang)(chang)房加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)屬(shu)于(yu)特種(zhong)工程，建議委托(tuo)具備(bei)(bei)資質(zhi)的(de)檢測、設(she)計(ji)、施(shi)工一體化(hua)(hua)單位實(shi)施(shi)，確保結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)安全與合(he)(he)規性(xing)。合(he)(he)理加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)可使(shi)廠(chang)(chang)房使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命延長15-30年，具有(you)顯著的(de)經濟效(xiao)益。