靜壓(ya)(ya)(ya)錨桿樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)及要(yao)點(dian)(dian)靜壓(ya)(ya)(ya)錨桿樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)是一種通過靜力(li)(li)(li)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)技術將預制(zhi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或鋼管樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入地(di)基(ji)，并通過注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)形成(cheng)錨固(gu)體的(de)地(di)基(ji)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)方法，適用(yong)(yong)于既有(you)(you)建筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)礎(chu)補強(qiang)、沉(chen)降(jiang)控(kong)制(zhi)等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。其施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)如下：一、前期準(zhun)備1.現場勘(kan)察：通過地(di)質(zhi)勘(kan)探明(ming)確土(tu)層分布、承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)(li)(li)及地(di)下水(shui)情況，確定(ding)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)長、樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)徑(jing)等參數。2.方案設(she)(she)計(ji)：根(gen)據結構荷載(zai)和地(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件進行樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)布置設(she)(she)計(ji)，確定(ding)單(dan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)(li)(li)要(yao)求(qiu)（通常(chang)200-500kN）。3.材料準(zhun)備：選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)C30以上(shang)混凝(ning)土(tu)預制(zhi)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或壁(bi)厚(hou)≥8mm的(de)鋼管樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，配置P.O42.5水(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液。二、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)1.定(ding)位(wei)開孔(kong)：按(an)設(she)(she)計(ji)圖紙(zhi)放線定(ding)位(wei)，偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)≤20mm。既有(you)(you)建筑(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)時需(xu)在基(ji)礎(chu)底板(ban)開孔(kong)（孔(kong)徑(jing)比樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)徑(jing)大40-60mm）。2.壓(ya)(ya)(ya)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)：采(cai)用(yong)(yong)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)千(qian)斤頂（壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)400-800kN）分級施(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，控(kong)制(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)速(su)率≤1m/min，垂直度偏(pian)差(cha)(cha)≤1%。3.接(jie)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)處(chu)理：采(cai)用(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)或法蘭連(lian)接(jie)，接(jie)頭(tou)強(qiang)度需(xu)大于樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身(shen)強(qiang)度。4.注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)錨固(gu)：樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)體到位(wei)后通過預埋注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)管注(zhu)入水(shui)泥(ni)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)（水(shui)灰比0.5-0.6，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)0.5-1.0MPa），注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)(liang)應達設(she)(she)計(ji)值的(de)120%。三(san)、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗收1.過程(cheng)監測(ce)：實(shi)時記(ji)錄壓(ya)(ya)(ya)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)力(li)(li)(li)-深度曲線，終壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值應達設(she)(she)計(ji)值的(de)1.5倍且穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)3次。2.樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身(shen)檢測(ce)：采(cai)用(yong)(yong)低應變(bian)法檢測(ce)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)身(shen)完整性，抽檢率≥20%。3.承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)(li)(li)驗證(zheng)：按(an)規范要(yao)求(qiu)進行靜載(zai)試驗，沉(chen)降(jiang)量(liang)(liang)應滿足設(she)(she)計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)。四(si)、注(zhu)意事項1.施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時應監測(ce)既有(you)(you)建筑(zhu)(zhu)沉(chen)降(jiang)，單(dan)日沉(chen)降(jiang)量(liang)(liang)超過2mm需(xu)暫停(ting)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。2.注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)后需(xu)養(yang)護(hu)7天方可(ke)進行后續(xu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。3.樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)頂與基(ji)礎(chu)連(lian)接(jie)處(chu)應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)微膨脹混凝(ning)土(tu)封閉。該工(gong)(gong)藝具有(you)(you)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)振動小、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)控(kong)的(de)特點(dian)(dian)，但需(xu)嚴格把控(kong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)位(wei)精度和注(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，確保新舊結構協(xie)同受力(li)(li)(li)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)應遵循《既有(you)(you)建筑(zhu)(zhu)地(di)基(ji)基(ji)礎(chu)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)技術規范》（JGJ123-2012）要(yao)求(qiu)。

地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)是保障建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物安(an)全(quan)的重(zhong)要(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)環(huan)節，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)遵循技術規(gui)范。以下(xia)是施(shi)工(gong)中需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)重(zhong)點(dian)關注(zhu)(zhu)的注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)事項：###一、前期勘(kan)察(cha)與方(fang)(fang)案(an)設(she)(she)計(ji)1.必須委托機構(gou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)勘(kan)察(cha)，明確土(tu)層分(fen)(fen)布(bu)、承載力及地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)位，避免因數據(ju)(ju)偏差導(dao)致加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)失(shi)效。若發(fa)現軟土(tu)、流沙等特殊地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)調整加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)方(fang)(fang)案(an)。2.根據(ju)(ju)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)現狀(zhuang)（裂縫(feng)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)、沉降數據(ju)(ju)）制(zhi)定針對(dui)(dui)性方(fang)(fang)案(an)，嚴(yan)(yan)禁照搬通用(yong)(yong)設(she)(she)計(ji)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)歷(li)史建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)或復雜結(jie)構(gou)，應進(jin)行(xing)(xing)三維建(jian)模(mo)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)。###二、施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量控制(zhi)1.材料選用(yong)(yong)：注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)材料需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)符(fu)合(he)抗滲等級要(yao)求，混凝(ning)土(tu)強度應比原基(ji)礎提高(gao)1-2個標(biao)號。鋼筋規(gui)格(ge)、防腐處(chu)理(li)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)達標(biao)。2.工(gong)藝(yi)規(gui)范：注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)壓力控制(zhi)在0.3-0.5MPa，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)分(fen)(fen)序注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)法；擴大(da)基(ji)礎時(shi)(shi)(shi)新舊混凝(ning)土(tu)接(jie)合(he)面需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)鑿毛(mao)并植入錨筋，接(jie)縫(feng)處(chu)加(jia)(jia)設(she)(she)止水(shui)帶。3.動(dong)態監測：布(bu)設(she)(she)不(bu)少(shao)于(yu)8個沉降觀測點(dian)，施(shi)工(gong)期間(jian)(jian)每日(ri)監測，沉降速(su)率超過2mm/天(tian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)暫停施(shi)工(gong)排查原因。###三、安(an)全(quan)與環(huan)境保護(hu)(hu)1.開挖深度超過1.5m需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)設(she)(she)置(zhi)支護(hu)(hu)結(jie)構(gou)，距既有建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)礎邊(bian)緣小于(yu)2m時(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)靜壓樁工(gong)藝(yi)。振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)施(shi)工(gong)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)控制(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen)速(su)在5cm/s以內(nei)。2.設(she)(she)置(zhi)截水(shui)溝和集水(shui)井，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)位較高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)先降水(shui)后(hou)(hou)施(shi)工(gong)。化學(xue)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)選用(yong)(yong)***制(zhi)劑，地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)，廢棄(qi)漿(jiang)液(ye)經固(gu)(gu)(gu)化處(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)可外(wai)運。###四、驗(yan)收與維護(hu)(hu)1.加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)完成28天(tian)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)載荷試驗(yan)，驗(yan)收標(biao)準(zhun)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)滿(man)足(zu)《建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)處(chu)理(li)技術規(gui)范》要(yao)求。出具包含(han)沉降曲線、強度檢測的完整報告。2.竣工(gong)后(hou)(hou)3年內(nei)每季(ji)度監測一次，重(zhong)點(dian)檢查新舊結(jie)構(gou)接(jie)合(he)部位。遇強降雨或后(hou)(hou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)專(zhuan)項檢測。特別提示：加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)程(cheng)應選擇具備特種的施(shi)工(gong)單(dan)(dan)位，施(shi)工(gong)期間(jian)(jian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)對(dui)(dui)相鄰建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)保護(hu)(hu)性監測。任(ren)何(he)方(fang)(fang)案(an)調整必須經原設(she)(she)計(ji)單(dan)(dan)位復核確認，嚴(yan)(yan)禁擅(shan)自變(bian)更工(gong)藝(yi)參數。

地(di)基(ji)加固(gu)(gu)是確(que)保建筑(zhu)物(wu)安(an)全的關鍵環節，需(xu)重點關注以下問(wen)題：###一、勘察評估施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前必須開展地(di)質(zhi)勘探，明確(que)地(di)基(ji)類(lei)型(xing)（如樁(zhuang)基(ji)、筏基(ji)等(deng)(deng)）、損壞原因及土層(ceng)特(te)性(xing)。需(xu)通過(guo)(guo)沉(chen)降(jiang)觀測、裂縫檢測等(deng)(deng)手段(duan)量(liang)化(hua)分(fen)析問(wen)題嚴重性(xing)，避免(mian)(mian)盲目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。若忽視(shi)地(di)下水位、土質(zhi)松軟度等(deng)(deng)參數(shu)，可(ke)能導致加固(gu)(gu)方案(an)失(shi)效(xiao)。###二、科學選(xuan)擇加固(gu)(gu)技術(shu)應(ying)(ying)根據地(di)基(ji)類(lei)型(xing)匹配加固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)：-樁(zhuang)基(ji)缺陷優(you)先(xian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)補(bu)樁(zhuang)或(huo)樁(zhuang)身注漿-淺基(ji)礎沉(chen)降(jiang)適用(yong)(yong)擴(kuo)大(da)基(ji)礎或(huo)樹根樁(zhuang)-軟弱(ruo)土層(ceng)可(ke)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)高壓(ya)旋噴樁(zhuang)或(huo)CFG樁(zhuang)需(xu)結(jie)(jie)合(he)建筑(zhu)荷載、周邊環境綜合(he)比(bi)選(xuan)，避免(mian)(mian)出現(xian)'過(guo)(guo)度加固(gu)(gu)'或(huo)'加固(gu)(gu)不足(zu)'。###三、精細化(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)控制(zhi)1.采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)微型(xing)樁(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時需(xu)控制(zhi)振(zhen)動，防(fang)止次(ci)生結(jie)(jie)構損傷(shang)2.注漿加固(gu)(gu)應(ying)(ying)實(shi)(shi)行壓(ya)力(li)-流量(liang)雙控，防(fang)止地(di)基(ji)抬(tai)升或(huo)漿液外滲3.開挖(wa)作業需(xu)分(fen)段(duan)支(zhi)護，嚴禁大(da)面積暴露地(di)基(ji)4.新舊結(jie)(jie)構銜(xian)接處(chu)需(xu)植入鋼筋并采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)微膨脹混凝土###四、全過(guo)(guo)程質(zhi)量(liang)監管(guan)1.嚴格驗收加固(gu)(gu)材料（如樁(zhuang)體(ti)抗壓(ya)強度≥設(she)(she)計要求(qiu)1.2倍）2.實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)信息化(hua)監測：施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期沉(chen)降(jiang)速(su)率≤2mm/d，竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)后持續(xu)監測≥6個月3.建立(li)應(ying)(ying)急預案(an)，出現(xian)異常沉(chen)降(jiang)立(li)即啟動注漿補(bu)償###五、環境保護措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臨近(jin)建筑(zhu)物(wu)需(xu)設(she)(she)置隔離樁(zhuang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)動速(su)度控制(zhi)在(zai)2.5cm/s以內。對于歷史建筑(zhu)，優(you)先(xian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)靜(jing)壓(ya)錨桿樁(zhuang)等(deng)(deng)非振(zhen)動工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。泥漿處(chu)理(li)須符合(he)環保標準，防(fang)止地(di)下水污染(ran)。###六、合(he)規性(xing)管(guan)理(li)需(xu)取得住建部門審批，加固(gu)(gu)方案(an)須由(you)設(she)(she)計院出具，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業應(ying)(ying)具備特(te)種。竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)后應(ying)(ying)形(xing)成(cheng)完(wan)整(zheng)檢測報告，納入建筑(zhu)健康檔案(an)系統。加固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程應(ying)(ying)遵循'勘察-設(she)(she)計-施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)-監測'閉環管(guan)理(li)，通過(guo)(guo)BIM技術(shu)模擬施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)影響，確(que)保加固(gu)(gu)效(xiao)果(guo)滿(man)足(zu)50年使(shi)用(yong)(yong)周期要求(qiu)。