基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)，清溪(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，作為(wei)(wei)現代(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施工(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵環節之一(yi)，承(cheng)載著(zhu)確(que)保工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)全、穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)使(shi)命。它(ta)如同一(yi)道堅(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屏障(zhang)，守護(hu)(hu)著(zhu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩固與安(an)(an)(an)全，為(wei)(wei)共創(chuang)安(an)(an)(an)全建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新(xin)(xin)時代(dai)奠定了(le)(le)(le)堅(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。在深基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)開挖過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，周(zhou)圍土(tu)(tu)體(ti)受到(dao)擾動(dong)易(yi)產生變形甚至坍塌風險。因此(ci)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)技術(shu)顯得尤(you)為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)。通(tong)過(guo)科(ke)學合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案設(she)計與施工(gong)實施，能(neng)夠(gou)有效(xiao)地(di)控(kong)制(zhi)土(tu)(tu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位移和(he)沉降，保障(zhang)周(zhou)邊建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全與正常(chang)使(shi)用功能(neng)不(bu)受影響。這(zhe)一(yi)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用不(bu)僅關(guan)乎(hu)到(dao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利進行和(he)質量達(da)標(biao)更直(zhi)接(jie)關(guan)系到(dao)施工(gong)人(ren)員及周(zhou)邊居民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命財產安(an)(an)(an)全。隨著(zhu)科(ke)技的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步與創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)理(li)念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深入人(ren)心越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)和(he)材料被應(ying)(ying)用于(yu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)領域如混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)鋼支(zhi)(zhi)撐系統等這(zhe)些創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用進一(yi)步提升了(le)(le)(le)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定性和(he)承(cheng)載能(neng)力同時也(ye)推動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)整個行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)革(ge)新(xin)(xin)與發展步伐(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加快向著(zhu)更加智(zhi)能(neng)化化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向邁進共同了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)個全新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安(an)(an)(an)全保障(zhang)時代(dai)。展望未來我們期待更多人(ren)才的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加入以及技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力量不(bu)斷推動(dong)基(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)(keng)支(zhi)(zhi)護(hu)(hu)乃至整個建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行業(ye)邁向更高水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全發展新(xin)(xin)階段攜手共創(chuang)一(yi)個讓(rang)人(ren)民安(an)(an)(an)心居住放(fang)心使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美好家園新(xin)(xin)篇(pian)章！

基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)支(zhi)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)灌注(zhu)樁(zhuang)支(zhi)護(hu)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用(yong)優(you)勢(shi)與(yu)(yu)實踐案(an)例(li)灌注(zhu)樁(zhuang)支(zhi)護(hu)作為深(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)應用(yong)廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)支(zhi)護(hu)形式，憑借其(qi)優(you)勢(shi)在復(fu)雜(za)地(di)(di)質條件下展現出顯著(zhu)技(ji)術(shu)價(jia)值。其(qi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)優(you)勢(shi)主(zhu)要體(ti)現在四個方(fang)面(mian)：一是(shi)結(jie)構穩定性(xing)優(you)異(yi)，通過(guo)鋼(gang)筋混凝土樁(zhuang)體(ti)形成(cheng)連續支(zhi)護(hu)體(ti)系(xi)，可有效(xiao)抵抗土壓力并控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)變(bian)形；二是(shi)適(shi)用(yong)性(xing)廣(guang)泛(fan)，能(neng)適(shi)應軟(ruan)土、砂(sha)層(ceng)及地(di)(di)下水(shui)豐富(fu)等多種地(di)(di)質條件，樁(zhuang)徑（800-1500mm）和樁(zhuang)長（可達30m以上）可根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程需(xu)求靈活調整；三(san)是(shi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝成(cheng)熟，采用(yong)旋挖(wa)或沖孔成(cheng)樁(zhuang)技(ji)術(shu)，對(dui)周(zhou)邊環境(jing)影響較小(xiao)，虎門基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)支(zhi)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，特別適(shi)合(he)(he)城(cheng)市(shi)密(mi)集(ji)區施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；四是(shi)通過(guo)設置樁(zhuang)間(jian)止水(shui)帷幕，可有效(xiao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)地(di)(di)下水(shui)位，保障基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全。典型案(an)例(li)顯示(shi)其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程價(jia)值：上海某超高(gao)層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)項(xiang)目（深(shen)度15.2m）采用(yong)φ1000mm灌注(zhu)樁(zhuang)結(jie)合(he)(he)兩道混凝土支(zhi)撐，成(cheng)功克服軟(ruan)土地(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)變(bian)形難(nan)題，周(zhou)邊建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物沉降控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在8mm以內；杭州地(di)(di)鐵某車站工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程在粉砂(sha)地(di)(di)層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)運用(yong)咬合(he)(he)樁(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝（樁(zhuang)間(jian)距1.2m），實現止水(shui)與(yu)(yu)支(zhi)護(hu)雙(shuang)重功能(neng)，鄰近建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)傾斜率低于(yu)1‰；北京(jing)某商業綜(zong)合(he)(he)體(ti)項(xiang)目（開(kai)挖(wa)深(shen)度18m）采用(yong)樁(zhuang)錨(mao)支(zhi)護(hu)體(ti)系(xi)，在復(fu)雜(za)填土與(yu)(yu)砂(sha)卵石交互地(di)(di)層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)完成(cheng)支(zhi)護(hu)，大水(shui)平位移(yi)僅21mm。這(zhe)些工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實踐證(zheng)明，灌注(zhu)樁(zhuang)支(zhi)護(hu)通過(guo)合(he)(he)理的(de)設計參數(shu)（樁(zhuang)間(jian)距1.0-1.5倍樁(zhuang)徑、嵌(qian)固深(shen)度0.8-1.2倍開(kai)挖(wa)深(shen)度）和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，可有效(xiao)解(jie)決深(shen)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)坑(keng)支(zhi)護(hu)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)難(nan)題，具有顯著(zhu)的(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)和社會效(xiao)益(yi)。

土(tu)(tu)釘(ding)墻支(zhi)護(hu)作為基坑(keng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中經濟的支(zhi)護(hu)方式(shi)，其(qi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)直接影(ying)響工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本和工(gong)(gong)(gong)期。以下從(cong)技(ji)術創新(xin)與管理優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)角度總(zong)結(jie)(jie)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要點：一、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)1.土(tu)(tu)方開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)'分(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分(fen)段'法，每層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)深度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)1.5-2.0m，隨挖(wa)(wa)隨支(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)長臂挖(wa)(wa)機(ji)配合(he)自(zi)(zi)卸車運輸，橋頭基坑(keng)支(zhi)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，實現(xian)土(tu)(tu)方開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)與支(zhi)護(hu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)作業(ye)。2.成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)選(xuan)擇：常規(gui)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)優(you)(you)先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)螺旋鉆機(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)（效(xiao)率(lv)30-40孔(kong)/臺班）；砂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)套管跟進工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)；巖層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)潛(qian)孔(kong)沖擊鉆。通過地質(zhi)雷達(da)預(yu)(yu)判地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，動態調整(zheng)設(she)備(bei)組(zu)合(he)。3.注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)創新(xin)：采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)袖閥(fa)管注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)技(ji)術實現(xian)二(er)次補漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)液摻入0.03%三早強劑，使(shi)(shi)初(chu)凝時間(jian)縮(suo)短至4小時，注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)效(xiao)率(lv)提(ti)升30%。二(er)、信息(xi)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理1.應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)BIM技(ji)術建立三維地質(zhi)模型(xing)，預(yu)(yu)演(yan)支(zhi)護(hu)方案(an)，優(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)土(tu)(tu)釘(ding)排布參(can)數。通過傾斜攝影(ying)實時監(jian)控(kong)(kong)邊坡變(bian)形，數據偏差超過5mm自(zi)(zi)動預(yu)(yu)警。2.采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)(zi)動化(hua)(hua)噴(pen)(pen)砼機(ji)組(zu)，實現(xian)混凝土(tu)(tu)配比(bi)電(dian)子計(ji)量、輸送泵無(wu)線遙控(kong)(kong)、噴(pen)(pen)射手機(ji)械臂作業(ye)，單日(ri)噴(pen)(pen)護(hu)面積(ji)可(ke)達(da)800-1000㎡。三、工(gong)(gong)(gong)期壓縮(suo)措施(shi)(shi)1.預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)模塊(kuai)化(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)：將鋼筋網片(pian)、土(tu)(tu)釘(ding)組(zu)件(jian)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠預(yu)(yu)制(zhi)，現(xian)場裝配化(hua)(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，減(jian)少(shao)現(xian)場作業(ye)時間(jian)40%。2.交叉作業(ye)組(zu)織：土(tu)(tu)釘(ding)養護(hu)期間(jian)同(tong)步(bu)進行排水(shui)溝施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，噴(pen)(pen)砼終凝后立即開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)土(tu)(tu)方開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立體(ti)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)循環。四、質(zhi)量控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)要點1.建立材料進場'三驗'制(zhi)度（合(he)格證、復(fu)檢(jian)報告、外觀檢(jian)測），注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)體(ti)28天強度不低于20MPa。2.實施(shi)(shi)'五檢(jian)'制(zhi)度：孔(kong)深（±50mm）、角度（±3°）、間(jian)距(ju)（±100mm）、注漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量（＞理論值(zhi)1.2倍）、面層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度（±10mm）全(quan)過程(cheng)(cheng)檢(jian)測。通過上述技(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)，典型(xing)項目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)可(ke)達(da)35-50延(yan)米/天，較傳(chuan)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)法提(ti)升40%以上，同(tong)時降低綜合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本約15%。但需注意在(zai)流(liu)(liu)(liu)塑(su)狀(zhuang)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)或地下水(shui)位(wei)過高區(qu)域應(ying)結(jie)(jie)合(he)其(qi)他支(zhi)護(hu)形式(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。