建(jian)筑加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)(liu)程通常包(bao)括前期(qi)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)實(shi)施(shi)和驗收三(san)個階(jie)段，需根據(ju)(ju)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)制(zhi)定(ding)針對性(xing)方案(an)。以下是關鍵流(liu)(liu)程：**一、前期(qi)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)**1.**檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)鑒定(ding)**：委托機構(gou)(gou)(gou)對建(jian)筑結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)進行檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，包(bao)括材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)、裂(lie)縫分布(bu)(bu)(bu)、變(bian)形情況等(deng)，明確(que)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)缺陷及(ji)承載力不足部(bu)(bu)位(wei)。2.**方案(an)設計**：依據(ju)(ju)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報告，選擇加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)方法(fa)（如碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)(wei)布(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)、粘鋼、外包(bao)鋼、預(yu)應力等(deng)），編制(zhi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙及(ji)技(ji)術(shu)方案(an)，通過(guo)評(ping)審后確(que)定(ding)終方案(an)。3.**材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)**：采購(gou)符合的(de)碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)(wei)布(bu)(bu)(bu)、結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)膠、錨栓(shuan)等(deng)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，并進行進場復(fu)檢(jian)，確(que)保材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)性(xing)能(neng)達(da)標。**二、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)(liu)程**1.**表(biao)面(mian)(mian)處理(li)**：清除(chu)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)區域粉(fen)刷層至結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)基面(mian)(mian)，采用角磨機打磨混凝土表(biao)面(mian)(mian)浮漿，露出堅實(shi)骨(gu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，并用壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮空氣(qi)清理(li)粉(fen)塵(chen)。2.**結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)修復(fu)**：對裂(lie)縫進行壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力注(zhu)漿或封閉(bi)處理(li)，局部(bu)(bu)缺損部(bu)(bu)位(wei)采用高強(qiang)(qiang)修補砂漿找平。3.**加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)**：-**碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)(wei)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)**：涂(tu)刷底(di)膠→批刮找平膠→粘貼碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)(wei)布(bu)(bu)(bu)→滾壓(ya)(ya)(ya)排氣(qi)→表(biao)面(mian)(mian)防(fang)護；-**粘鋼加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)**：鋼板(ban)除(chu)銹→鉆孔植筋→涂(tu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)膠→加(jia)(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)；-**外包(bao)鋼加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)**：角鋼骨(gu)架(jia)焊接(jie)→灌(guan)注(zhu)環氧灌(guan)漿料(liao)(liao)(liao)；-**預(yu)應力加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)**：安裝(zhuang)鋼絞線→張(zhang)拉(la)鎖定(ding)→端部(bu)(bu)錨固(gu)(gu)。4.**節(jie)點處理(li)**：對梁柱節(jie)點、板(ban)墻交(jiao)接(jie)處等(deng)薄弱部(bu)(bu)位(wei)進行加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)，采用U型箍或附加(jia)(jia)錨栓(shuan)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)。**三(san)、質量驗收**1.采用錘擊(ji)法(fa)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)空鼓率（碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)(wei)空鼓面(mian)(mian)積＜5%），拉(la)拔(ba)試(shi)驗檢(jian)驗粘結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)；2.復(fu)核加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)構(gou)(gou)(gou)件尺寸偏差（±3mm）、垂直度(du)(du)（≤1/500）；3.整(zheng)理(li)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)記錄、材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報告等(deng)資料(liao)(liao)(liao)，提交(jiao)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收報告。**注(zhu)意事(shi)項**：施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間(jian)需實(shi)時監測(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)變(bian)形，濕度(du)(du)＞85%時應暫停(ting)作業；環氧類膠粘劑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)溫度(du)(du)宜在5℃-35℃之間(jian)。通過(guo)規范化(hua)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)(liu)程，危房加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)，可有效提升結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)安全性(xing)和耐久性(xing)。

建(jian)(jian)筑加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)注(zhu)意事項建(jian)(jian)筑加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)提升既有建(jian)(jian)筑結(jie)(jie)構安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)和(he)耐久性(xing)的(de)重要手段，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)遵循技術(shu)規(gui)范和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)。以下是(shi)關(guan)鍵注(zhu)意事項：1.**檢(jian)測與評估**施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)必須委托機構對(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑現狀進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)測，包(bao)括混(hun)凝土(tu)強度、鋼(gang)筋銹蝕、裂縫分(fen)布(bu)及地(di)基沉降等(deng)，明(ming)確(que)結(jie)(jie)構損(sun)傷(shang)程(cheng)度和(he)原(yuan)因。依據檢(jian)測結(jie)(jie)果制(zhi)定加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)方(fang)案，避(bi)(bi)免(mian)盲目施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)導致二(er)次損(sun)傷(shang)。2.**科學設計(ji)與資(zi)質(zhi)審(shen)核**加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)方(fang)案需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)由具備資(zi)質(zhi)的(de)設計(ji)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)編制(zhi)，綜合(he)(he)考慮(lv)荷載變化、抗震需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求及原(yuan)結(jie)(jie)構特點，優先(xian)采用(yong)非破壞性(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)技術(shu)（如碳纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)、體外(wai)預應(ying)(ying)力(li)）。設計(ji)方(fang)案需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)通過論證，確(que)保(bao)符(fu)合(he)(he)《建(jian)(jian)筑結(jie)(jie)構加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量驗(yan)收規(gui)范》等(deng)標準。3.**材(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)量控制(zhi)**加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)材(cai)料(liao)（如結(jie)(jie)構膠(jiao)(jiao)、碳纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)布(bu)、錨栓(shuan)等(deng)）必須符(fu)合(he)(he)，提供出廠合(he)(he)格(ge)證和(he)檢(jian)測報告。嚴(yan)禁使(shi)(shi)用(yong)過期或劣質(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進(jin)行(xing)適配性(xing)試驗(yan)，確(que)保(bao)與原(yuan)結(jie)(jie)構有效結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)。4.**規(gui)范施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝**施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)操(cao)作，例如：混(hun)凝土(tu)表面處理需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)達到清潔度要求，結(jie)(jie)構膠(jiao)(jiao)涂刷應(ying)(ying)均勻飽滿；新增構件與原(yuan)結(jie)(jie)構連接節點需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)重點加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)。避(bi)(bi)免(mian)野蠻施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)導致結(jie)(jie)構擾(rao)動，必要時(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)設置(zhi)臨時(shi)支撐。5.**動態監(jian)測與安(an)(an)全(quan)管理**施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期間應(ying)(ying)實時(shi)監(jian)測建(jian)(jian)筑變形、裂縫發展等(deng)情況，發現異常(chang)立(li)即(ji)排查(cha)(cha)。高(gao)空(kong)作業需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)做好防護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)(shi)，電焊等(deng)明(ming)火作業須避(bi)(bi)開材(cai)料(liao)。既有建(jian)(jian)筑若需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)維(wei)(wei)(wei)持使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，宜春加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)劃分(fen)安(an)(an)全(quan)區(qu)域并設置(zhi)警示標志。6.**驗(yan)收與后期維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)**工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完成后需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進(jin)行(xing)荷載試驗(yan)和(he)第(di)三方(fang)檢(jian)測，重點核查(cha)(cha)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)連接質(zhi)量和(he)承載力(li)提升效果。驗(yan)收合(he)(he)格(ge)后建(jian)(jian)立(li)維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)(hu)檔案，定期檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)否有開裂、脫膠(jiao)(jiao)等(deng)現象(xiang)，及時(shi)修補(bu)。**特殊提示**：歷史建(jian)(jian)筑加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)兼(jian)顧保(bao)護(hu)(hu)原(yuan)貌，開孔(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)，優先(xian)采用(yong)可逆性(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝；多發區(qu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)強化抗震節點加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期間應(ying)(ying)協調(diao)周(zhou)邊(bian)環境，避(bi)(bi)免(mian)對(dui)相鄰建(jian)(jian)筑造成影響(xiang)。

墻(qiang)改梁(liang)(liang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流(liu)(liu)程（約400字(zi)）墻(qiang)改梁(liang)(liang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)是將原(yuan)有承(cheng)重墻(qiang)改造為(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)梁(liang)(liang)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，房屋建(jian)筑加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)，需(xu)(xu)嚴格遵循施工(gong)(gong)(gong)規(gui)(gui)范，確保結(jie)構安全(quan)(quan)。主要(yao)流(liu)(liu)程如下：1.**前期準備**-進行結(jie)構檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)與(yu)荷載驗算，確定梁(liang)(liang)截面尺寸、配筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)參數及施工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案。-辦理施工(gong)(gong)(gong)審批手續，清空(kong)作業區域，搭設(she)安全(quan)(quan)防護(hu)架。2.**臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)撐加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)**-在待拆除(chu)(chu)墻(qiang)體(ti)兩(liang)側架設(she)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管或型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)撐，間距≤1.2m，頂部(bu)設(she)置(zhi)可調(diao)頂托與(yu)橫(heng)梁(liang)(liang)形成傳力體(ti)系，確保上部(bu)荷載有效(xiao)轉移。3.**分(fen)段拆墻(qiang)開洞(dong)**-采用(yong)靜力切割或人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)剔鑿方式(shi)，沿(yan)梁(liang)(liang)底(di)標高線分(fen)3-4段拆除(chu)(chu)墻(qiang)體(ti)，嚴禁破拆。洞(dong)口(kou)邊緣預(yu)留50mm人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)修整區，避(bi)免擾(rao)動原(yuan)結(jie)構。4.**植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)與(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)綁(bang)扎**-在梁(liang)(liang)端連(lian)接處(chu)(chu)鉆孔植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，孔徑(jing)＞鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)直徑(jing)4mm，深度≥15d（d為(wei)(wei)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)直徑(jing)），注(zhu)入(ru)環氧結(jie)構膠。綁(bang)扎主筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、箍(gu)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，主筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)需(xu)(xu)伸入(ru)相鄰(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)體(ti)≥35d，箍(gu)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)間距加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)密至100mm。5.**模板支(zhi)設(she)與(yu)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)澆筑**-采用(yong)木模或鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)模拼裝成型，預(yu)留振搗口(kou)和觀察(cha)窗。澆筑C30以上微膨(peng)脹混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，分(fen)層振搗密實，頂部(bu)做1%-2%起(qi)拱處(chu)(chu)理。6.**養(yang)護(hu)與(yu)拆模**-覆蓋薄膜保濕養(yang)護(hu)≥7天(tian)，日均溫低于5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采取保溫措施。混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)強度達75%后拆除(chu)(chu)側模，達100%后拆除(chu)(chu)底(di)模及臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)撐。7.**驗收檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)**-采用(yong)回彈法檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)強度，全(quan)(quan)站儀復核梁(liang)(liang)體(ti)標高及變(bian)形值，誤差需(xu)(xu)滿(man)足《混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)構加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)設(she)計規(gui)(gui)范》（GB50367）要(yao)求。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)中需(xu)(xu)全(quan)(quan)程監測(ce)(ce)相鄰(lin)(lin)構件變(bian)形，雨天(tian)停止植(zhi)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)作業，新舊混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結(jie)合面需(xu)(xu)鑿毛處(chu)(chu)理。建(jian)議委托加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)單位實施，確保結(jie)構。